Abstract

Over the last few decades, a large number of pH sensitive materials with new compositions and structures have been proposed. Solid state sensors based on organic, inorganic and composite materials are actively investigated, with an increasing interest in the performance offered by nano-scale materials. Our review provides a thorough, up-to-date knowledge of a wide range of pH measurement methods and related sensing materials, firstly by introducing well established materials and methods for pH sensing and then, by covering recent developments in inorganic, organic and nano-engineered devices. The main sensor parameters, including sensitivity, stability, response time and testing conditions are reported. Given the importance of pH sensing in environmental applications, in particular seawater monitoring, sensors tested in seawater are highlighted and discussed.

摘要

在过去的几十年中，已经提出了大量具有新组成和结构的 pH 敏感材料。积极研究基于有机、无机和复合材料的固态传感器，对纳米级材料提供的性能越来越感兴趣。我们的综述提供了关于各种 pH 测量方法和相关传感材料的全面、最新知识，首先介绍了成熟的 pH 传感材料和方法，然后介绍了无机、有机和纳米材料的最新发展。工程设备。报告了主要的传感器参数，包括灵敏度、稳定性、响应时间和测试条件。鉴于 pH 传感在环境应用中的重要性，特别是海水监测，