A standard procedure is needed for obtainingaccurate values of the yields of fire effluent components that are associated with harm to people from a singleacute exposure to the effluent from a fire involving realistic commercial products. We compare yields of toxic gases generated by four bench‐scale apparatus to the yields from previously conducted room‐scale fires. The apparatus is the radiant apparatus in NFPA 269 and ASTM E 1678, the smoke density chamber in ISO 5659‐2, a controlled‐atmosphere version of the cone calorimeter (ASTM E 1354), and the tube furnace specified in ISO/TS 19700. The bench‐scale specimens were cut from the same products that were burned in the room‐scale tests: a sofa, bookcases, and household electric power cable. The yields of CO₂ CO, HCl, and HCN were determined. The yields of other toxicants (NO, NO₂, formaldehyde, and acrolein) were below the detection limits, but were shown to be of limited importance relative to the four measured gases. We developed a criterion of a factor of two for satisfactoryscale agreement. Using this, the yields from the modified cone calorimeter were the most promising, but still imperfect, match to the room fire yields. The results of this study provide an improved basis for obtainingaccurate combustion product yield data for fire hazard and risk modeling over what currently exists.

中文翻译：

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在室内规模和实验规模的实验之间比较烟雾成分的产量

需要一种标准程序来获得与从涉及实际商业产品的火中直接暴露于火中所产生的对人的伤害相关的火排放成分产量的准确值。我们将四个台式规模的设备产生的有毒气体的排放量与之前进行的室内规模火灾的排放量进行了比较。该设备是NFPA 269和ASTM E 1678中的辐射设备，ISO 5659-2中的烟雾密度室，锥形量热仪（ASTM E 1354）的受控大气版本以及ISO / TS 19700中指定的管式炉。实验室标本是从在室内规模测试中燃烧的相同产品上切下来的：沙发，书柜和家用电力电缆。CO ₂的产量确定了CO，HCl和HCN。其他有毒物质（NO，NO ₂，甲醛和丙烯醛）的产率低于检测极限，但相对于四种测量气体而言，其重要性有限。我们为满意的规模协议制定了因子为2的标准。使用此方法，改进的锥形量热仪的产率最有希望，但仍不完美，与房间的燃烧产率匹配。这项研究的结果为获得准确的燃烧产物产量数据提供了改进的基础，该数据可用于对现有火灾危险和风险建模。