Abstract Volcanic atolls host exceptionally important marine ecosystems in the modern oceans. Yet, due to limited exposures, fossil atolls are poorly constrained. Multiple drowned Cretaceous volcanic atolls have been reported in the Pacific, but less information exists regarding those in the Tethys. Here we report on two early Cenomanian age volcanic atolls outcropping in Mt. Carmel (northern Israel), along the eastern Levant margin. These atolls are a few kilometers in diameter and differ significantly in facies from their surroundings, which are dominated by chalky calcareous mudstone and wackestone. The atolls are composed of grainstone, floatstone, rudstone and bafflestone facies, which are dominated by molluscans, notably gastropods, rudists, oysters and other bivalves. Corals and green algae are absent throughout these atolls. The studied sections of these atolls display a full succession, beginning with aggradation and ending with drowning. Age constraints for the volcanic phases suggest that deposition occurred within a relatively short time interval (

中文翻译：

---

山的短命早期森诺曼尼亚火山环礁。以色列北部卡梅尔

摘要 火山环礁在现代海洋中拥有极其重要的海洋生态系统。然而，由于暴露有限，化石环礁的约束很差。据报道，太平洋有多个淹没的白垩纪火山环礁，但关于特提斯群岛的信息较少。在这里，我们报告了两个在 Mt. 中露头的 Cenomanian 早期火山环礁。卡梅尔（以色列北部），沿黎凡特东部边缘。这些环礁直径有几公里，与周围环境的相显着不同，周围环境以白垩质钙质泥岩和碎屑岩为主。环礁由颗粒岩、浮岩、砂岩和挡板岩相组成，以软体动物为主，尤其是腹足动物、原石、牡蛎和其他双壳类动物。这些环礁中没有珊瑚和绿藻。这些环礁的研究部分显示出完整的演替过程，从堆积开始到淹没结束。火山阶段的年龄限制表明沉积发生在相对较短的时间间隔内（