Abstract Exploring severe social, political, or economic change in past societies can reveal adaptive pathways and strategies that may be of value to contemporary society as we prepare to adapt to this century of disruption. Episodes of large-scale transformation in past societies are often framed as ‘collapse’ – as terminal events instigated by one or more stressors. The focus on cataclysmic episodes, often related to climatic forcing, has meant that the nuance of adaptation is not well documented in historical and archaeological records, in part due to the historical lacuna that may follow periods of social disruption. Here we present a multi-proxy record of landscape and land use change from Angkor, the administrative and ceremonial core of the Angkorian kingdom in ancient Cambodia, through a period of severe climate stress and political transition in the 14th-15th centuries to the present-day. Analysis of proxy data, including geochemistry, palynology, sedimentology, and fire history, reveal a prolonged period of land use attenuation beginning in the early to mid-14th century, interrupted by a brief increase in burning and cultivation that may represent a short period of reoccupation in the mid-16th century. Agricultural activity continued to decline, despite continuing ritual activity within the site of Angkor Thom and ongoing occupation at temple sites in the Greater Angkor region, until the 17th century when metrics for secondary forest growth and landscape recovery reached consistently high levels. These results provide further evidence exposing the varied trajectories of occupation across key Cambodian urban centres, and contribute to the developing narrative of Angkor as a city that underwent transformation, rather than collapse, between the Angkorian (c. 800- c. 1450 C.E.) and Early Modern (c. 1450 - c. 1850 C.E.) periods.

中文翻译：

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吴哥窟内早期现代占用和土地利用的综合古环境记录

摘要 探索过去社会中严重的社会、政治或经济变化可以揭示适应性途径和策略，这些途径和策略可能对当代社会有价值，因为我们准备适应这个世纪的破坏。过去社会的大规模转型事件通常被称为“崩溃”——由一个或多个压力源引发的终结事件。对通常与气候强迫有关的灾难性事件的关注意味着历史和考古记录中没有很好地记录适应的细微差别，部分原因是可能伴随着社会动荡时期的历史空白。在这里，我们展示了吴哥（古代柬埔寨吴哥王国的行政和仪式核心）的景观和土地利用变化的多代理记录，经历了 14 至 15 世纪到今天的严重气候压力和政治过渡时期。对包括地球化学、孢粉学、沉积学和火灾历史在内的替代数据的分析揭示了从 14 世纪早期到中期开始的长期土地利用衰减，被燃烧和耕作的短暂增加所打断，这可能代表了短期的16世纪中叶重新占领。尽管吴哥城遗址内的祭祀活动仍在继续，大吴哥地区的寺庙遗址不断被占领，但农业活动继续下降，直到 17 世纪，次生林生长和景观恢复的指标一直处于高水平。这些结果提供了进一步的证据，揭示了柬埔寨主要城市中心的不同占领轨迹，