The aim of the present study is to assess the full effect on the albedo of both sea ice extent decrease and snowline retreat in the Arctic during the last three decades. Averaged over the globe, the overall warming effect due to Arctic land and ocean albedo change corresponds to adding about 44% to the direct effect of human CO₂ emissions during the same period. In fact, the area and thickness of Arctic sea ice have both been declining in this time frame. This has caused feedbacks affecting the whole global climate system. One such is albedo feedback of sea ice shrinking which was previously estimated (Pistone et al., 2014) to add about 25% to the direct warming effect of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. In this study, we demonstrate that the role of snowline retreat in albedo decrease is comparable to that of sea ice shrinking. To this aim, we estimate the radiative forcing (W/m²) due to snow and ice decrease during 34 years (1982–2015) from the analysis of changes of observed albedo based on the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Energy Balanced And Filled (CERES EBAF) dataset, paired with sea ice and snow cover data from the US National Snow & Ice Data Center (NSIDC).

本研究的目的是评估过去 30 年北极海冰范围减少和雪线后退对反照率的全面影响。平均在全球范围内，整体变暖的影响由于北极陆地和海洋反照率变化对应于中加入约44％至人类CO的直接作用₂在同一期间的排放量。事实上，在这段时间内，北极海冰的面积和厚度都在下降。这引起了影响整个全球气候系统的反馈。其中之一是海冰收缩的反照率反馈，此前估计（Pistone 等人，2014 年）将人为 CO ₂的直接变暖效应增加约 25%排放。在这项研究中，我们证明了雪线后退在反照率减少中的作用与海冰缩小的作用相当。为此，我们通过对基于云和地球辐射能量系统能量平衡和地球辐射能量系统的观测反照率变化的分析，估计了34 年（1982-2015 年）由于冰雪减少引起的辐射强迫（W/m ²）。填充 (CERES EBAF) 数据集，与来自美国国家冰雪数据中心 (NSIDC) 的海冰和雪盖数据配对。