Increasing evidence suggests that adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, produced and secreted by adipocytes, are involved in regulating systemic inflammation and may be important targets for interventions to reduce the chronic systemic inflammation linked to some conditions common in aging (e.g., atherosclerosis). Lower leptin levels and higher adiponectin levels in peripheral circulation have been associated with less systemic inflammation. While some studies have shown that marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and/or docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) have effects on leptin and adiponectin in the context of inflammation, the extent of their effects remain unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize findings from randomized, controlled trials that measured effects of EPA+DHA supplementation on circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin to determine the state of the science. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Trials were searched up to June 2018 for studies meeting inclusion criteria. Thirty-one studies included in this review were conducted in 16 countries. Eighteen studies reported lower leptin and/or higher adiponectin levels with EPA+DHA supplementation versus placebo at study end point (9 reported statistically significant differences), but doses, supplementation duration, and population characteristics varied across studies. In 9 studies reporting significantly lower leptin and/or higher adiponectin levels the EPA+DHA dose was 0.52 to 4.2 g/day for 4 to 24 weeks. Additional studies are warranted which assess dose parameters and patient populations similar to studies reporting significant effects of EPA+DHA on leptin or adiponectin in order to evaluate the extent of reproducibility before recommending EPA+DHA as a therapy to target these adipokines.

中文翻译：

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海洋来源的 Omega-3 脂肪酸补充剂对瘦素、脂联素和瘦素与脂联素比率的系统评价

越来越多的证据表明，脂肪细胞产生和分泌的脂肪因子、瘦素和脂联素参与调节全身炎症，并且可能是干预措施的重要目标，以减少与衰老中常见的一些疾病（例如动脉粥样硬化）相关的慢性全身炎症。外周循环中较低的瘦素水平和较高的脂联素水平与较少的全身炎症有关。虽然一些研究表明，海洋来源的 omega-3 脂肪酸（二十碳五烯酸 [EPA] 和/或二十二碳六烯酸 [DHA]）在炎症背景下对瘦素和脂联素有影响，但其影响程度仍不清楚。本系统评价的目的是总结随机、对照试验测量补充 EPA+DHA 对瘦素和脂联素循环水平的影响，以确定科学状况。检索了截至 2018 年 6 月的 PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、Scopus 和 Cochrane Trials，以查找符合纳入标准的研究。本综述中纳入的 31 项研究是在 16 个国家进行的。18 项研究报告，在研究终点，EPA+DHA 补充剂与安慰剂相比，瘦素和/或脂联素水平较低（9 项报告具有统计学显着差异），但剂量、补充持续时间和人群特征因研究而异。在 9 项报告显着降低瘦素和/或更高脂联素水平的研究中，EPA+DHA 剂量为 0.52 至 4.2 克/天，持续 4 至 24 周。