Abstract Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a growth in the number of children who need formal alternative care. One of the principal factors contributing to this is orphanhood. While most orphans live with their extended families, many end up in privately-run orphanages that operate outside of the government's regulation and funding. Without government assistance and being the most costly care option, the orphanages have to come up with mechanisms to get the finances that they need. However, relatively little evidence exists on the funding streams of orphanages in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on the literature from Ghana and other low-income countries, the study explores the funding of orphanages and its implications for orphans in Ghana. The evidence from the literature shows that the funding for most orphanages comes from donations by private organisations and individuals, mostly from the developed world. This funding system is generally unsustainable and carries negative ramifications for the social-emotional progress and rights of orphans residing in orphanages, such as abuse, unnecessary institutionalisation, and stigma. Policy and practice recommendations include increasing government's subsidy to the orphanages, regulating donations to and volunteering in orphanages, and helping unlicensed orphanages to transition to the provision of family-strengthening services.

中文翻译：

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通过捐赠和礼物资助孤儿院：对加纳孤儿的影响

摘要 撒哈拉以南非洲地区需要正式替代照料的儿童数量正在增加。造成这种情况的主要因素之一是孤儿。虽然大多数孤儿与他们的大家庭住在一起，但许多孤儿最终进入了不受政府监管和资助的私营孤儿院。在没有政府援助的情况下，孤儿院是最昂贵的护理选择，孤儿院必须想出机制来获得他们需要的资金。然而，关于撒哈拉以南非洲孤儿院资金流的证据相对较少。该研究借鉴了加纳和其他低收入国家的文献，探讨了孤儿院的资助及其对加纳孤儿的影响。文献中的证据表明，大多数孤儿院的资金来自私人组织和个人的捐赠，主要来自发达国家。这种资助体系通常是不可持续的，并对孤儿院孤儿的社会情感进步和权利产生负面影响，例如虐待、不必要的收容和污名化。政策和实践建议包括增加政府对孤儿院的补贴，规范孤儿院的捐赠和志愿服务，帮助无牌孤儿院过渡到提供家庭强化服务。这种资助体系通常是不可持续的，并对孤儿院孤儿的社会情感进步和权利产生负面影响，例如虐待、不必要的收容和污名化。政策和实践建议包括增加政府对孤儿院的补贴，规范孤儿院的捐赠和志愿服务，帮助无牌孤儿院过渡到提供家庭强化服务。这种资助体系通常是不可持续的，并对孤儿院孤儿的社会情感进步和权利产生负面影响，例如虐待、不必要的收容和污名化。政策和实践建议包括增加政府对孤儿院的补贴，规范孤儿院的捐赠和志愿服务，帮助无牌孤儿院过渡到提供家庭强化服务。