Abstract The paper implemented a “standard” coupling system in the South China Sea without any further development avoiding to add a new parameterization on ocean-atmosphere-wave interaction. The sea and the waves influenced tropical cyclone (TC) through the interaction between the air and sea fluxes. The performance of the fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model is overall better that of the uncoupled model, especially for track and intensity. However, the simulated TC was weaker using coupled model and the weakest using the fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model. There are two main reasons for the weakening of simulated TC using coupled model: (1) Lower sea surface temperature caused by the TC reduced the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean to atmosphere, leading to the weakened TC. (2) The increased surface roughness of the sea waves caused by the TC reduced the wind speed over the strong-wind area while increased it over the low-wind area, which further weakened the TC. Sea-air fluxes have strong effects on the structural characteristics of TC. Heat fluxes simulated by coupled model were distributed more asymmetrically, which strengthened the asymmetry of the TC. Strong-wind areas were corresponding to the area with large sea-air fluxes Differences in temperature between atmosphere and ocean directly determine the transporting direction of the sensible heat flux. To the rear side of the TC, sensible heat fluxes occur in the atmosphere and transport to the ocean; while at the front of the TC, sensible heat fluxes occur in the ocean and transport to the atmosphere.

中文翻译：

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南海大气-海洋-波浪相互作用对台风Rammasun (2014)影响的模拟研究

摘要 本文在没有进一步开发的情况下，在南海实施了一个“标准”耦合系统，避免了添加新的海洋-大气-波浪相互作用参数化。海洋和海浪通过空气和海洋通量之间的相互作用影响了热带气旋 (TC)。全耦合大气-海洋-波模型的性能总体上优于非耦合模型，尤其是在航迹和强度方面。然而，使用耦合模型模拟的TC较弱，使用完全耦合的大气 - 海洋 - 波模型最弱。耦合模型模拟TC减弱主要有两个原因：(1)TC引起的海面温度降低，降低了从海洋到大气的感热和潜热通量，导致TC减弱。(2) 台风引起的海浪表面粗糙度增大，使强风区风速降低，低风区风速增大，进一步减弱了台风。海气通量对TC的结构特征有很强的影响。耦合模型模拟的热通量分布更加不对称，加强了TC的不对称性。强风区对应海气通量大的区域 大气和海洋的温差直接决定了感热通量的输送方向。在台风的后方，大气中出现显热通量并传输到海洋；而在台风前端，显热通量发生在海洋中并传输到大气中。