Abstract Being a combination of sand, cement, water, and asphalt emulsion, Cement Emulsified Asphalt Mortar (CEAM) has better toughness and flexibility properties than cement mortar. Given the multiphase nature of CEAM, it is susceptible to micro-cracking during the setting process and also due to other factors such as traffic loads, undesirable atmospheric conditions. Given the typical direction of loading and cracking in these mortars, they are likely to experience mixed-mode fractures. Therefore, this study investigated the fracture properties of CEAM at service temperature in mixed mode I&II fractures. For this investigation, the mixed-mode fracture energy was determined through experiments on Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) specimens with the volume fractions of mortar treated as independent variables and the material behavior assumed to be viscoelastic at ambient temperature. Considering the need to investigate the effect of mix design ratios and their interactions, to reduce the number of experiments, and to limit these ratios to the ranges that produce acceptable rheological and mechanical properties, the D-Optimal mixture design method at 5% significance level was used to optimize the design of experiments and related analyses. Next, a regression model was developed for the relationship between fracture energy in each mode (I, II, I&II) and the mortar constituents. Also, the optimum mix design range to reach maximum fracture energy in all three modes was determined by graphical optimization. Analysis of the results with ternary contour plots showed the dependence of fracture energy and the optimum mix design range in the studied modes on the mix ratios of the CEAM constituents. The Cement and asphalt were identified as the independent variables with greatest effects on fracture energy variations and the optimum mix design. The results also revealed that as the asphalt emulsion-to-cement ratio increased, the maximum carried force decreased and the deformation corresponding to this force increased.

中文翻译：

---

中温下水泥乳化沥青砂浆的混合模态(I/II)断裂能

摘要 水泥乳化沥青砂浆（CEAM）是砂、水泥、水和乳化沥青的混合物，具有比水泥砂浆更好的韧性和柔韧性。鉴于 CEAM 的多相性质，它在凝固过程中容易出现微裂纹，也由于其他因素，如交通负荷、不良大气条件。考虑到这些砂浆的典型加载和开裂方向，它们很可能会出现混合模式断裂。因此，本研究在混合模式 I 和 II 裂缝中研究了 CEAM 在使用温度下的断裂特性。对于这次调查，混合模式断裂能是通过对半圆形弯曲 (SCB) 试样进行实验来确定的，其中砂浆的体积分数作为自变量处理，材料行为假设为环境温度下的粘弹性。考虑到需要研究混合设计比率及其相互作用的影响，减少实验次数，并将这些比率限制在产生可接受的流变和机械性能的范围内，D-Optimal 混合设计方法在 5% 显着性水平用于优化实验设计和相关分析。接下来，针对每种模式（I、II、I&II）中的断裂能与砂浆成分之间的关​​系开发了回归模型。还，在所有三种模式中达到最大断裂能的最佳配合比设计范围是通过图形优化确定的。三元等值线图的结果分析表明，所研究模式中的断裂能量和最佳配合比设计范围对 CEAM 成分的配合比的依赖性。水泥和沥青被确定为对断裂能变化和最佳配合比设计影响最大的自变量。结果还表明，随着沥青乳液与水泥比的增加，最大承载力减小，与该力对应的变形增加。水泥和沥青被确定为对断裂能变化和最佳配合比设计影响最大的自变量。结果还表明，随着沥青乳液与水泥比的增加，最大承载力减小，与该力对应的变形增加。水泥和沥青被确定为对断裂能变化和最佳配合比设计影响最大的自变量。结果还表明，随着沥青乳液与水泥比的增加，最大承载力减小，与该力对应的变形增加。