Abstract Mangrove-mud coasts across the world erode because of uninformed management, conversion of mangrove forests into aquaculture ponds, development of infrastructure and urbanization, and/or extraction of groundwater inducing land subsidence. The accompanied loss of ecosystem values, amongst which safety against flooding, has far reaching consequences for coastal communities, exacerbated by sea-level rise. To halt erosion various nature-based solutions have been implemented as an alternative to hard infrastructure sea defenses, including mangrove planting and erection of low-tech structures such as bamboo fences, permeable brushwood dams, etc. These structures have been designed on the basis of best-engineering practice, lacking sufficient scientific background. This paper investigates the use and success of permeable dams over a period of about 15 years, describing their application in Guyana, Indonesia, Suriname, Thailand and Vietnam, summarizing the lessons-learned, and analyzing their functioning in relation to the physical-biological coastal system. Also an overview of relevant costs is given. The basic philosophy behind the construction of permeable dams is the rehabilitation of mangrove habitat through re-establishment of the (fine) sediment dynamics – we refer to Building with Nature as the overarching principle of this approach. Our main conclusions are that a successful functioning of permeable dams requires (1) a thorough understanding of the physical-biological system and analysis of the relevant processes, (2) patience and persistence, including maintenance, as the natural time scales to rehabilitate mangrove green belts take years to decades, and (3) intensive stakeholder involvement. We give a list of conditions under which permeable dams may be successful, but in qualitative terms, as local site conditions largely govern their success or failure.

中文翻译：

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用可渗透水坝管理红树林泥海岸的侵蚀——经验教训

摘要 由于不知情的管理、将红树林转变为水产养殖池塘、基础设施和城市化的发展和/或地下水的开采导致地面沉降，世界各地的红树林泥海岸正在受到侵蚀。伴随着生态系统价值的丧失，其中包括抵御洪水的安全，对沿海社区产生了深远的影响，并因海平面上升而加剧。为了阻止侵蚀，已经实施了各种基于自然的解决方案，作为硬基础设施海防的替代方案，包括红树林种植和低技术结构的安装，如竹围栏、可渗透的灌木丛水坝等。这些结构的设计基于最佳工程实践，缺乏足够的科学背景。本文调查了渗透水坝在大约 15 年的时间里的使用和成功，描述了它们在圭亚那、印度尼西亚、苏里南、泰国和越南的应用，总结了经验教训，并分析了它们在物理-生物沿海地区的作用。系统。还给出了相关成本的概述。建造可渗透水坝背后的基本理念是通过重建（精细）沉积物动力学来恢复红树林栖息地——我们将“与自然共建”作为这种方法的首要原则。我们的主要结论是，渗透水坝的成功运作需要 (1) 对物理-生物系统的透彻理解和相关过程的分析，(2) 耐心和坚持，包括维护，由于恢复红树林绿化带的自然时间需要数年到数十年，并且 (3) 利益相关者的密集参与。我们列出了渗透水坝可能成功的条件列表，但在定性方面，因为当地的场地条件在很大程度上决定了它们的成败。