The research topic ‘parent material for soil formation’ is at the interface between the disciplines of geology and soil science; interdisciplinary research will be of mutual benefit. In order to foster such research and knowledge transfer, this paper presents the development of a novel geochemical-physical classification system for subsolum geological substrates as a basis for both understanding soil formation and estimating and modelling soil properties. It is based on information from classical geological surveys and maps and additional specific field data and laboratory analysis of surficial geology and is applicable to solid bedrock and unconsolidated deposits. In summary, the units of the classification system consist of three evaluation levels encoded in entities describing their lithogenetic, geochemical, and physical characteristics. Beside the geochemical-physical characterisation, the classification approach also considers the layer structure of unconsolidated deposits. The basis for the classification is mineral component groups of the subsolum geological substrates, namely dolomite, calcite, and felsic, mafic, and clay minerals. The categorisation is implemented in three distinct triangular diagrams with a scope of application according to the proportion of carbonate. The practical application includes the processing and classification of geological reference samples and was applied to 321 analysed field samples of unconsolidated deposits. In order to describe and evaluate the influence on soil formation and soil properties, we examined the soil analysis data of 389 and field descriptions of 1664 legacy forest soil profiles in the Tyrolean Alps. With the compiled dataset we were able to cover 50 different classification units representing approximately 92% of the forested area of Tyrol. We were able to show clear differences in the chemical and physical soil properties between units. Beside the mineral components of the parent material, the different lithogenetic entities play an important role in soil formation and soil properties. This is explained by the preliminary fragmentation of rock through different transport processes and distances as advanced soil genesis is facilitated by the presence of finer grain size. Hence, parent material is a key factor in soil formation, determining soils physical and chemical properties. The valorisation of geological information for soil science bridges the gap between the disciplines and contributes added value to other research fields. Due to the openness of the proposed classification system for the further differentiation of lithogenetic, geochemical, and physical entities, it is transferable to the entire Alpine arc and other mountain regions.

地质学和土壤学学科之间的交界处是“土壤形成的母体材料”这一研究主题。跨学科研究将是互惠互利的。为了促进此类研究和知识转移，本文提出了一种针对次固溶地质基质的新型地球化学-物理分类系统的开发，作为了解土壤形成以及估计和模拟土壤性质的基础。它基于经典地质调查和地图中的信息以及其他特定的现场数据和表层地质的实验室分析，并且适用于固体基岩和非固结矿床。总而言之，分类系统的单元由三个评价级别组成，这些评价级别编码为实体，描述了其成岩，地球化学和物理特征。除地球化学物理特征外，分类方法还考虑了未固结矿床的层状结构。分类的基础是次溶质地质基质的矿物成分组，即白云石，方解石以及长英质，镁铁质和粘土矿物。根据碳酸盐的比例，在三个不同的三角图中进行分类，其应用范围。实际应用包括对地质参考样品的处理和分类，并已应用于321个未固结矿床的分析现场样品。为了描述和评估对土壤形成和土壤特性的影响，我们检查了蒂罗尔阿尔卑斯山的389个土壤分析数据和1664个传统森林土壤剖面的田间描述。利用已编译的数据集，我们能够覆盖50种不同的分类单位，约占蒂罗尔森林面积的92％。我们能够显示出单元之间化学和物理土壤特性的明显差异。除了母体材料的矿物成分外，不同的成岩实体在土壤形成和土壤特性中也起着重要作用。这可以通过岩石通过不同的运输过程和距离的初步破碎来解释，这是由于存在更细的粒度而促进了先进的土壤成因。因此，母体材料是决定土壤理化性质的关键因素。土壤科学中地质信息的价值化弥合了学科之间的鸿沟，并为其他研究领域贡献了附加价值。