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Selective optogenetic stimulation of efferent fibers in the vagus nerve of a large mammal
Brain Stimulation ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.11.010
Lindsea C Booth 1 , Song T Yao 2 , Alla Korsak 3 , David G S Farmer 4 , Sally G Hood 1 , Daniel McCormick 5 , Quinn Boesley 5 , Angela A Connelly 6 , Stuart J McDougall 1 , Willian S Korim 1 , Sarah-Jane Guild 5 , Svetlana Mastitskaya 3 , Phuong Le 1 , Anja G Teschemacher 7 , Sergey Kasparov 8 , Gareth L Ackland 9 , Simon C Malpas 5 , Robin M McAllen 1 , Andrew M Allen 6 , Clive N May 1 , Alexander V Gourine 3
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation applied to individual organs, peripheral nerves, or specific brain regions has been used to treat a range of medical conditions. In cardiovascular disease, autonomic dysfunction contributes to the disease progression and electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve has been pursued as a treatment for the purpose of restoring the autonomic balance. However, this approach lacks selectivity in activating function- and organ-specific vagal fibers and, despite promising results of many preclinical studies, has so far failed to translate into a clinical treatment of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE Here we report a successful application of optogenetics for selective stimulation of vagal efferent activity in a large animal model (sheep). METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve weeks after viral transduction of a subset of vagal motoneurons, strong axonal membrane expression of the excitatory light-sensitive ion channel ChIEF was achieved in the efferent projections innervating thoracic organs and reaching beyond the level of the diaphragm. Blue laser or LED light (>10 mW mm-2; 1 ms pulses) applied to the cervical vagus triggered precisely timed, strong bursts of efferent activity with evoked action potentials propagating at speeds of ∼6 m s-1. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that in species with a large, multi-fascicled vagus nerve, it is possible to stimulate a specific sub-population of efferent fibers using light at a site remote from the vector delivery, marking an important step towards eventual clinical use of the optogenetic technology for autonomic neuromodulation.

中文翻译:

大型哺乳动物迷走神经传出纤维的选择性光遗传学刺激

背景技术应用于个体器官、外周神经或特定大脑区域的电刺激已被用于治疗一系列医疗状况。在心血管疾病中,植物神经功能障碍会导致疾病进展,并且迷走神经的电刺激已被作为治疗以恢复植物神经平衡的目的而被追求。然而,这种方法在激活功能和器官特异性迷走神经纤维方面缺乏选择性,尽管许多临床前研究取得了有希望的结果,但迄今为止未能转化为心血管疾病的临床治疗。目标在这里,我们报告了光遗传学在大型动物模型(绵羊)中选择性刺激迷走神经传出活动的成功应用。方法和结果 在病毒转导一部分迷走神经运动神经元 12 周后,兴奋性光敏离子通道 ChiEF 的强烈轴突膜表达在支配胸腔器官并超出横膈膜水平的传出投射中实现。蓝色激光或 LED 光(>10 mW mm-2;1 ms 脉冲)应用于宫颈迷走神经,触发精确定时、强烈的传出活动爆发,诱发动作电位以~6 m s-1 的速度传播。结论 这些发现表明,在具有大量多束迷走神经的物种中,可以在远离载体传递的部位使用光刺激特定的传出纤维亚群,这标志着朝着最终临床应用迈出了重要的一步。自主神经调节的光遗传学技术。兴奋性光敏离子通道 ChIEF 的强烈轴突膜表达是在支配胸腔器官并超出横膈膜水平的传出投射中实现的。蓝色激光或 LED 光(>10 mW mm-2;1 ms 脉冲)应用于宫颈迷走神经,触发精确定时、强烈的传出活动爆发,诱发动作电位以~6 m s-1 的速度传播。结论 这些发现表明,在具有大的、多束迷走神经的物种中,可以在远离载体传递的部位使用光刺激特定的传出纤维亚群,这标志着朝着最终临床应用迈出了重要的一步。自主神经调节的光遗传学技术。兴奋性光敏离子通道 ChIEF 的强烈轴突膜表达是在支配胸腔器官并超出横膈膜水平的传出投射中实现的。蓝色激光或 LED 光(>10 mW mm-2;1 ms 脉冲)应用于宫颈迷走神经,触发精确定时、强烈的传出活动爆发,诱发动作电位以~6 m s-1 的速度传播。结论 这些发现表明,在具有大量多束迷走神经的物种中,可以在远离载体传递的部位使用光刺激特定的传出纤维亚群,这标志着朝着最终临床应用迈出了重要的一步。自主神经调节的光遗传学技术。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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