Carbon nanomaterials (CNs) offer some of the most valuable properties for electrochemical biosensing applications, such as good electrical conductivity, wide electrochemical stability, high specific surface area, and biocompatibility. Regardless the envisioned sensing application, endowing CNs with specific functions through controlled chemical functionalization is fundamental for promoting the specific binding of the analyte. As a versatile and straightforward method of surface functionalization, aryldiazonium chemistry have been successfully used to accommodate in a stable and reproducible way different functionalities, while the electrochemical route has become the favourite choice since the deposition conditions can be readily controlled and adapted to the substrate. In particular, the modification of CNs by electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts is established as a powerful tool which allows tailoring the chemical and electronic properties of the sensing platform. By outlining the stimulating results disclosed in the last years, this article provides not only a comprehensively review, but also a rational assessment on contribution of aryldiazonium electrografting in developing CNs-based electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, some of the emerging challenges to be surpassed to effectively implement this methodology for in vivo and point of care analysis are also highlighted.

碳纳米材料（CNs）为电化学生物传感应用提供了一些最有价值的特性，例如良好的导电性，宽的电化学稳定性，高的比表面积和生物相容性。不管设想的传感应用如何，通过受控的化学官能化赋予CN具有特定功能是促进分析物特异性结合的基础。作为表面官能化的一种通用且直接的方法，芳基重氮化学已成功地用于以稳定和可再现的方式容纳不同的官能度，而电化学途径已成为人们的首选，因为可以轻松控制沉积条件并使其适应基材。尤其是，通过芳基重氮盐的电化学还原对CN进行修饰被认为是一种强大的工具，可用于定制传感平台的化学和电子性质。通过概述最近几年公开的令人兴奋的结果，本文不仅提供了全面的综述，而且还对芳基重氮电接枝在开发基于CNs的电化学生物传感器中的贡献提供了合理的评估。此外，要有效地实施这种方法，还需要克服一些新出现的挑战。同时也合理评估了芳基重氮电接枝在开发基于CNs的电化学生物传感器中的作用。此外，要有效地实施这种方法，还需要克服一些新出现的挑战。同时也合理评估了芳基重氮电接枝在开发基于CNs的电化学生物传感器中的作用。此外，要有效地实施这种方法，还需要克服一些新出现的挑战。还强调了体内和护理点分析。