Abstract This paper presents an improved new method with differential evolution and the cubic spline approach is proposed to retrieve sea level height based on GNSS SNR observations from a single geodetic receiver. Considering the B-spline function is unstable at the beginning or end, and the feature that B-spline functions do not pass through nodes may introduce errors. Thus, the cubic spline is applied to the retrieval process and accounts for a continuous and smooth in sea level retrieval time series. Besides, the biases caused by tropospheric delay and dynamic sea level are considered and corrected. Testing data from two stations with different tidal range and the final solution agrees well with measurements from co-located tide gauges, reaching the RMSE of 3.67 cm at Friday Harbor, Washington, and 1.36 cm at Onsala, Sweden. Comparison of the nonlinear least squares, this method leads to a clear increase in precision of the sea level retrievals within 50%. Additionally, referring to the result of Purnell et al. (2020) and the IAG inter-comparison campaign, the results of this paper show more potential.

中文翻译：

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基于GNSS SNR数据差分演化的改进海平面反演方法

摘要 本文提出了一种改进的差分演化新方法，并提出了三次样条方法，以基于来自单个大地接收器的 GNSS SNR 观测值来反演海平面高度。考虑到 B 样条函数在开始或结束时不稳定，B 样条函数不通过节点的特性可能会引入错误。因此，三次样条应用于反演过程并解释了海平面反演时间序列的连续和平滑。此外，还考虑并修正了对流层延迟和动态海平面引起的偏差。来自具有不同潮汐范围的两个站的测试数据和最终解决方案与同位潮汐计的测量结果非常吻合，在华盛顿星期五港达到 3.67 厘米的 RMSE，在瑞典昂萨拉达到 1.36 厘米。与非线性最小二乘法相比，该方法使海平面反演的精度明显提高了50%以内。此外，参考 Purnell 等人的结果。(2020) 和 IAG 比对活动，本文的结果显示出更大的潜力。