In this Letter, we investigate the non-dipole effects in time delay of photoelectrons emitted by multi-electron atoms, negative ions, and respective endohedrals. We present the necessary general formulas in the frame of the random phase approximation with exchange (RPAE) applied to atoms, negative ions, and properly adjusted to endohedrals. We concentrate on low photon energy region, where non-dipole effects are very small in the cross-sections, but become observable in angular distributions. We not only derive the formulas for non-dipole effects in time delay, but perform corresponding numeric calculations. We demonstrate how the non-dipole corrections can be isolated in experiment. Concrete calculations are performed for noble gas atoms Ar and Xe, isoelectronic to them negative ions Cl⁻ and I⁻ and endohedrals Ar(Cl⁻)@C₆₀ and Xe(I⁻)@C₆₀. We found that the forward-backward photoelectron time delay differences give direct information on non-dipole effects. They proved to be quite measurable and prominently affected by the presence of the fullerenes shell.

在这封信中，我们研究了由多电子原子，负离子和各自的内面体发射的光电子在时间延迟方面的非偶极效应。我们在随机相近似框架中提供了必要的通用公式，其中交换（RPAE）适用于原子，负离子，并已适当调整为内面体。我们专注于低光子能量区域，在该区域中，非偶极效应的横截面很小，但是在角度分布中变得可见。我们不仅导出了时间延迟中非偶极子效应的公式，还执行了相应的数值计算。我们演示了如何在实验中隔离非偶极校正。具体计算是惰性气体原子的Ar和Xe进行，等电子给他们负离子氯^-和我^-和内嵌Ar（Cl ^-）@C ₆₀和Xe（I ^-）@C ₆₀。我们发现向前-向后的光电子时间延迟差异提供了有关非偶极效应的直接信息。它们被证明是相当可测量的，并且受到富勒烯壳的存在的显着影响。