The Journal of Membrane Biology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00155-w Susovan Sarkar 1 , Souradeep Das 1 , Shikha Dagar 1 , Manesh Prakash Joshi 1 , Chaitanya V Mungi 1 , Anupam A Sawant 1 , Gauri M Patki 1 , Sudha Rajamani 1
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Abstract
Membrane compartmentalization is a fundamental feature of contemporary cellular life. Given this, it is rational to assume that at some stage in the early origins of life, membrane compartments would have potentially emerged to form a dynamic semipermeable barrier in primitive cells (protocells), protecting them from their surrounding environment. It is thought that such prebiological membranes would likely have played a crucial role in the emergence and evolution of life on the early Earth. Extant biological membranes are highly organized and complex, which is a consequence of a protracted evolutionary history. On the other hand, prebiotic membrane assemblies, which are thought to have preceded sophisticated contemporary membranes, are hypothesized to have been relatively simple and composed of single chain amphiphiles. Recent studies indicate that the evolution of prebiotic membranes potentially resulted from interactions between the membrane and its physicochemical environment. These studies have also speculated on the origin, composition, function and influence of environmental conditions on protocellular membranes as the niche parameters would have directly influenced their composition and biophysical properties. Nonetheless, the evolutionary pathways involved in the transition from prebiological membranes to contemporary membranes are largely unknown. This review critically evaluates existing research on prebiotic membranes in terms of their probable origin, composition, energetics, function and evolution. Notably, we outline new approaches that can further our understanding about how prebiotic membranes might have evolved in response to relevant physicochemical parameters that would have acted as pertinent selection pressures on the early Earth.
Graphic Abstract
中文翻译：
前生物膜及其在早期细胞生命出现中的作用
摘要
膜区室化是当代细胞生命的基本特征。鉴于此，有理由假设在生命早期起源的某个阶段，膜隔室可能会出现以在原始细胞（原始细胞）中形成动态半透性屏障，保护它们免受周围环境的影响。人们认为，这种前生物膜很可能在地球早期生命的出现和进化中发挥了关键作用。现存的生物膜是高度组织化和复杂的，这是漫长进化历史的结果。另一方面，被认为先于复杂的现代膜的益生元膜组件被假设为相对简单并且由单链两亲物组成。最近的研究表明，益生元膜的进化可能是由膜与其物理化学环境之间的相互作用引起的。这些研究还推测了环境条件对原细胞膜的起源、组成、功能和影响，因为生态位参数将直接影响它们的组成和生物物理特性。尽管如此，从前生物膜到现代膜的转变所涉及的进化途径在很大程度上是未知的。这篇综述从可能的起源、组成、能量学、功能和进化方面对益生元膜的现有研究进行了批判性评估。尤其，
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