The surface modification of titanium is effective in promoting osseointegration and is widely used in the treatment of bone diseases. Epimedii Folium (EF) plays an important role in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. However, few studies have so far been reported on their combined use in such treatments. In the present study, EF water extract was coated onto the surface of TiO₂ nanotubes (TNT) by electrochemical anodization to obtain EF-TNT. Through analysis of surface morphology characteristics, it was demonstrated that EF was successfully coated on the surface of TiO₂ nanotubes. In vitro drug release data suggested that the quantity of EF water extract released was a significant quantity over 4 days, reaching a total of 80%, the release continuing in total for approximately 2 weeks. By using scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescent staining, it was found that, EF-TNT more strongly promoted adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts compared with Ti and TNT. Quantitative reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that the expression of key genes for proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, such as COL1a1, ALP, OPN, and Runx2, were up-regulated by EF-TNT. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that EF water extract not only regulated the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts but also caused a regulatory effect on osteoclasts via multiple signaling pathways, such as RANKL-RANK-induced signaling and TGF-β signaling. These findings indicate that the EF-TNT promotes differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, and represents considerable potential for use in clinical applications.

中文翻译：

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Epimedii叶水提取物在TiO 2纳米管表面上的涂层可促进成骨细胞的分化和增殖。

钛的表面改性可有效促进骨整合，并广泛用于骨疾病的治疗。Epimedii Folium（EF）在代谢性骨疾病的治疗中起着重要作用。但是，到目前为止，关于在此类治疗中联合使用的报道很少。在本研究中，通过电化学阳极氧化将EF水提取物涂覆在TiO 2纳米管（TNT）的表面上以获得EF-TNT。通过表面形态特征的分析，证明EF成功地被涂覆在TiO 2纳米管的表面上。体外药物释放数据表明，EF水提取物的释放量在4天内相当可观，达到总量的80％，释放持续约2周。通过使用扫描电子显微镜和免疫荧光染色，发现与Ti和TNT相比，EF-TNT更加强烈地促进了MC3T3-E1成骨细胞的粘附，增殖和分化。定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）分析表明，成骨细胞增殖和分化的关键基因如COL1a1，ALP，OPN和Runx2的表达，由EF-TNT上调。网络药理分析表明，EF水提取物不仅调节成骨细胞的增殖和分化，而且还通过多种信号途径（如RANKL-RANK诱导的信号传导和TGF- β信号传导）对破骨细胞产生调节作用。这些发现表明，EF-TNT促进成骨细胞的分化和增殖，并且在临床应用中具有相当大的潜力。