Water is a significant natural resource for humans. As such, wastewater containing heavy metals is seen as a grave problem for the environment. Currently, adsorption is one of the common methods used for both water purification and wastewater treatment. Adsorption relies on the physical and chemical interactions between heavy metal ions and adsorbents. Adsorptive membranes (AMs) have demonstrated high effectiveness in heavy metal removal from wastewater owing to their exclusive structural properties. This article examines the applications of adsorptive membranes such as polymeric membranes (PMs), polymer-ceramic membranes (PCMs), electrospinning nanofiber membranes (ENMs), and nano-enhanced membranes (NEMs), which demonstrate high selectivity and adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions, as well as both advantages and disadvantages of each one all, are summarized and compared shortly. Moreover, the general theories for both adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics are described briefly to comprehend the adsorption process. This work will be valuable to readers in understanding the current applications of various AMs and their mechanisms in heavy metal ion adsorption, as well as the recycling methods in heavy ions desorption process are summarized and described clearly. Besides, the influences of morphological and chemical structures of AMs are presented and described in detail as well.

中文翻译：

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使用吸附膜去除重金属的应用


水是人类重要的自然资源。因此，含有重金属的废水被视为严重的环境问题。目前，吸附是水净化和废水处理的常用方法之一。吸附依赖于重金属离子与吸附剂之间的物理和化学相互作用。吸附膜（AM）由于其独特的结构特性，在去除废水中的重金属方面表现出了高效性。本文研究了吸附膜的应用，例如聚合物膜（PM）、聚合物陶瓷膜（PCM）、静电纺丝纳米纤维膜（ENM）和纳米增强膜（NEM），这些膜对重金属具有高选择性和吸附能力简短地总结和比较了各种离子以及每种离子的优点和缺点。此外，还简要描述了吸附等温线和吸附动力学的一般理论，以理解吸附过程。这项工作对于读者了解目前各种AM的应用及其在重金属离子吸附中的机理，以及对重离子解吸过程中的回收方法进行了清晰的总结和描述，将具有重要意义。此外，还详细介绍和描述了AM的形态和化学结构的影响。