Background: GKN2, as a secretory protein, is involved in the inflammation and immune modulation, and its aberrant expression is closely related to tumorigenesis. However, integrated studies on the value of GKN2 as a promising clinical biomarker and immunotherapy target in multiple tumors are still rare.
Methodology: Multiple online databases, including ONCOMINE, SEGreg, UALCAN, GEPIA, K-M Plotter, cBioPortal, MethSurv, CellMarker, and Timer, were applied to assess the clinical significance of GKN2 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in differentially expressed cancers.
Results: Several databases confirmed that GKN2 was significantly down-regulated in lung and gastric cancers compared that in normal samples. GKN2 was altered in 3%, 5%, and 4% of the LUAD, LUSC, and STAD samples, respectively. Hyper-methylation of GKN2 was found in LUAD and LUSC samples. For the clinical values of GKN2, we found that the low transcription level of GKN2 was associated with worse OS in lung cancer, and inferior FP and PPS in gastric cancer, and the relationships between GKN2 expression and clinical variables regarding OS/FP/PPS in lung and gastric cancers were assessed. Moreover, the prognostic value of the DNA methylation patterns of GKN2 in LUAD, LUSC, and STAD was identified. Furthermore, GKN2 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the infiltrating multiple tumor immune cells, and statistically significant differences in the correlation between GKN2 expression and multiple markers of neutrophils and macrophage polarization were observed in LUAD, LUSC, and STAD.
Conclusion: The study revealed the prognosis and risk factors for deterioration in patients with low expression of GKN2. GKN2 may be used as a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung and gastric cancers.



中文翻译：

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Gastrokine-2 (GKN2) 的预后价值及其与肺癌和胃癌中肿瘤浸润性免疫细胞的相关性

背景： GKN2作为一种分泌蛋白，参与炎症和免疫调节，其异常表达与肿瘤发生密切相关。然而，关于 GKN2 作为有前途的临床生物标志物和免疫治疗靶点在多种肿瘤中的价值的综合研究仍然很少。
方法：应用多个在线数据库，包括 ONCOMINE、SEGreg、UALCAN、GEPIA、KM Plotter、cBioPortal、MethSurv、CellMarker 和 Timer，评估 GKN2 的临床意义及其与差异表达癌症中肿瘤浸润性免疫细胞的相关性。
结果：几个数据库证实，与正常样本相比，GKN2 在肺癌和胃癌中显着下调。GKN2 在 LUAD、LUSC 和 STAD 样本中分别发生了 3%、5% 和 4% 的改变。在 LUAD 和 LUSC 样品中发现了 GKN2 的高甲基化。对于 GKN2 的临床价值，我们发现 GKN2 的低转录水平与肺癌中较差的 OS 和胃癌中较差的 FP 和 PPS 相关，以及 GKN2 表达与 OS/FP/PPS 临床变量之间的关系对肺癌和胃癌进行了评估。此外，还确定了 GKN2 在 LUAD、LUSC 和 STAD 中的 DNA 甲基化模式的预后价值。此外，发现 GKN2 表达与浸润的多个肿瘤免疫细胞显着相关，
结论：该研究揭示了GKN2低表达患者的预后和恶化的危险因素。GKN2 可用作肺癌和胃癌的有价值的预后生物标志物和治疗靶标。