Extracellular vesicles are released by all cell types including stem cells. Stem cell-released extracellular vesicles have therapeutic effects similar to those of their parent cells and have regenerative effects in tissues. They also have an immunomodulating effect when down-regulating some proinflammatory factors, without exerting effects on cell proliferation, modulating angiogenesis or altering cellular functions in recipient cells. Modern veterinary research explores vesicles and creates or advances methods of using them in regenerative and reproductive medicine, applications of these technologies are under development.

中文翻译：

---

细胞外囊泡：再生和生殖兽医学的新观点

细胞外囊泡被包括干细胞在内的所有细胞类型释放。干细胞释放的细胞外囊泡的治疗作用与其亲代细胞相似，并且在组织中具有再生作用。当下调某些促炎因子时，它们也具有免疫调节作用，而对细胞增殖，调节血管生成或改变受体细胞的细胞功能没有影响。现代兽医学探索囊泡，并创造或发展在再生医学和生殖医学中使用它们的方法，这些技术的应用正在开发中。