Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were among the earliest examples of a subclass of proteins with extracellular functions that were found to lack N-terminal secretory signal peptides and were shown to be secreted in an ER- and Golgi-independent manner. Many years later, a number of alternative secretory pathways have been discovered, processes collectively termed unconventional protein secretion (UPS). In the course of these studies, unconventional secretion of FGF2 and IL-1β were found to be based upon distinct pathways, mechanisms and molecular machineries. Following a concise introduction into various pathways mediating unconventional secretion and transcellular spreading of proteins, this Cell Science at a Glance poster article aims at a focused analysis of recent key discoveries providing unprecedented detail about the molecular mechanisms and machineries driving FGF2 and IL-1β secretion. These findings are also highly relevant for other unconventionally secreted cargoes that, like FGF2 and IL1β, exert fundamental biological functions in biomedically relevant processes, such as tumor-induced angiogenesis and inflammation.

成纤维细胞生长因子2（FGF2）和白介素1β（IL-1β）属于具有细胞外功能的蛋白亚类的最早实例，这些蛋白被发现缺乏N末端分泌信号肽，并被证明在ER和高尔基独立的方式。许多年后，人们发现了许多其他的分泌途径，这些过程统称为非常规蛋白质分泌（UPS）。在这些研究过程中，发现非常规的FGF2和IL-1β分泌是基于不同的途径，机制和分子机制。在简要介绍了介导蛋白质非常规分泌和跨细胞扩散的各种途径后，这篇《细胞科学概览》海报文章旨在对近期关键发现进行重点分析，从而提供有关驱动FGF2和IL-1β分泌的分子机制和机制的前所未有的详细信息。这些发现也与其他非常规分泌的货物（如FGF2和IL1β）在生物医学相关过程（例如肿瘤诱导的血管生成和炎症）中发挥基本生物学功能具有高度相关性。