Soil redistribution on arable land is a major threat for a sustainable use of soil resources. The majority of soil redistribution studies focus on water erosion, while wind and tillage erosion also induce pronounced redistribution of soil materials. Tillage erosion especially is understudied, as it does not lead to visible off-site damages. The analysis of on-site/in-field soil redistribution is mostly based on tracer studies, where radionuclide tracers (e.g. ¹³⁷Cs, ^239+240Pu) from nuclear weapon tests are commonly used to derive the erosion history over the past 50–60 years. Tracer studies allow us to determine soil redistribution patterns but integrate all types of soil redistribution processes and hence do not allow us to unravel the contribution of individual erosion processes. The aim of this study is to understand the contribution of water and tillage erosion leading to soil patterns found in a small hummocky ground moraine kettle hole catchment under intensive agricultural use. Therefore, ^239+240Pu-derived soil redistribution patterns were analysed using an inverse modelling approach accounting for water and tillage erosion processes. The results of this analysis clearly point out that tillage erosion is the dominant process of soil redistribution in the study catchment, which also affects the hydrological and sedimentological connectivity between arable land and the kettle hole. A topographic change up to 17 cm (53 yr)⁻¹ in the eroded parts of the catchment is not able to explain the current soil profile truncation that exceeds the ^239+240Pu-derived topographic change substantially. Hence, tillage erosion already started before the onset of intense mechanisation since the 1960s. In general, the study stresses the urgent need to consider tillage erosion as a major soil degradation process that can be the dominant soil redistribution process in sloped arable landscapes.

中文翻译：

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使用逆模型从^{239 + 240} Pu示踪剂测量中了解水和耕作侵蚀的作用

耕地上的土壤再分配是可持续利用土壤资源的主要威胁。大多数土壤再分配研究集中于水蚀，而风蚀和耕作侵蚀也引起土壤物质的显着再分配。耕作侵蚀尤其未被充分研究，因为它不会导致可见的场外损害。现场/田间土壤再分配的分析主要基于示踪剂研究，其中放射性核素示踪剂（例如¹³⁷ Cs，^{239 + 240} Pu）通常通过核武器测试得出过去50-60年的腐蚀历史。示踪剂研究使我们能够确定土壤的再分配模式，但整合了所有类型的土壤再分配过程，因此无法阐明单个侵蚀过程的贡献。这项研究的目的是了解在集约化农业利用下，在一个小丘陵冰m壶集水区发现的水和耕作侵蚀导致土壤模式的贡献。因此，^{239 + 240} Pu使用逆模型方法分析了水土和耕作侵蚀过程，分析了土壤衍生的再分配模式。分析结果清楚地表明，耕作流失是研究集水区土壤再分配的主要过程，这也影响了耕地与壶孔之间的水文和沉积学联系。集水区受侵蚀部分高达17厘米（53年）^-1的地形变化无法解释当前超过^{239 + 240} Pu的土壤剖面截断派生的地形变化。因此，自1960年代以来，耕作侵蚀已经在强烈机械化开始之前就开始了。总的来说，研究强调迫切需要考虑耕作侵蚀是土壤的主要退化过程，它可能是坡耕地景观中主要的土壤再分配过程。