The 20th century has seen tremendous innovation of dielectrophoresis (DEP) technologies, with applications being developed in areas ranging from industrial processing to micro‐ and nanoscale biotechnology. From 2010 to present day, there have been 981 publications about DEP. Of over 2600 DEP patents held by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, 106 were filed in 2019 alone. This review focuses on DEP‐based technologies and application developments between 2010 and 2020, with an aim to highlight the progress and to identify potential areas for future research. A major trend over the last 10 years has been the use of DEP techniques for biological and clinical applications. It has been used in various forms on a diverse array of biologically derived molecules and particles to manipulate and study them including proteins, exosomes, bacteria, yeast, stem cells, cancer cells, and blood cells. DEP has also been used to manipulate nano‐ and micron‐sized particles in order to fabricate different structures. The next 10 years are likely to see the increase in DEP‐related patent applications begin to result in a greater level of technology commercialization. Also during this time, innovations in DEP technology will likely be leveraged to continue the existing trend to further biological and medical‐focused applications as well as applications in microfabrication. As a tool leveraged by engineering and imaginative scientific design, DEP offers unique capabilities to manipulate small particles in precise ways that can help solve problems and enable scientific inquiry that cannot be addressed using conventional methods.

中文翻译：

---

介电泳：2010-2020年的发展与应用

20 世纪见证了介电泳 (DEP) 技术的巨大创新，其应用领域涵盖从工业加工到微米级和纳米级生物技术。从2010年至今，有关DEP的出版物已达981篇。在美国专利商标局持有的 2600 多项 DEP 专利中，仅 2019 年就有 106 项申请。本综述重点关注 2010 年至 2020 年间基于 DEP 的技术和应用发展，旨在突出进展并确定未来研究的潜在领域。过去 10 年的一个主要趋势是将 DEP 技术用于生物和临床应用。它已以各种形式用于多种生物衍生分子和颗粒，以操纵和研究它们，包括蛋白质、外泌体、细菌、酵母、干细胞、癌细胞和血细胞。DEP 还被用来操纵纳米和微米尺寸的颗粒，以制造不同的结构。未来 10 年，DEP 相关专利申请的增加可能会开始带来更高水平的技术商业化。此外，在此期间，DEP 技术的创新可能会被用来延续现有的趋势，进一步推进以生物和医学为重点的应用以及微加工应用。作为工程和富有想象力的科学设计所利用的工具，DEP 提供了以精确方式操纵小颗粒的独特功能，可以帮助解决问题并实现使用传统方法无法解决的科学探究。