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High variation of mitochondrial DNA diversity as compared to nuclear microsatellites in mammalian populations
Ecological Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-15 , DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12190 Takashi Saitoh 1
Ecological Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-15 , DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12190 Takashi Saitoh 1
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The effective gene number (the number of genes that can be inherited) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is one‐fourth of that of nuclear DNA (ncDNA) in idealized populations. Therefore, mtDNA haplotype diversity (h) is predicted to be lower than ncDNA heterozygosity (HE) because of the higher effect of genetic drift on mtDNA. This prediction has not yet been systematically tested. To this end, in this study, published data for 739 populations of 108 mammalian species (66 terrestrial and 42 marine species) revealed the following patterns: (a) h was higher than HE in 54.9% of populations, (b) the variance of h (0.097) was significantly higher than that of HE (0.018) and (c) the frequency distribution of h differed between terrestrial and marine species. The terrestrial species exhibited a U‐shaped distribution, whereas the marine species exhibited a right triangle shape. HE showed a unimodal distribution for both groups. (d) The mean of HE was similar between the terrestrial (0.668) and marine (0.672) species, whereas the mean of h was significantly lower for the terrestrial species (0.578) than for the marine species (0.740). Two hypotheses were considered to explain the above‐described patterns, one of which was based on the higher mutation rates of mtDNA, while the other was based on a nested subpopulation structure in which an ncDNA‐based population includes several mtDNA‐based subpopulations. Herein, the plausibility of these two hypotheses was discussed with a focus on the higher intraspecific variation of h.
中文翻译：
与哺乳动物种群中的核微卫星相比，线粒体DNA多样性差异很大
在理想化的种群中，线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的有效基因数（可遗传的基因数）是核DNA（ncDNA）的四分之一。因此，由于遗传漂移对mtDNA的影响较大，预计mtDNA单倍型多样性（h）低于ncDNA杂合性（H E）。该预测尚未得到系统的检验。为此，在这项研究中，已发布的108个哺乳动物物种（66种陆地和42种海洋物种）的739个种群的数据揭示了以下模式：（a）在54.9％的种群中h高于H E，（b）方差的ħ（0.097）比的显著更高ħ ë（0.018）和（c）h的频率分布在陆地和海洋物种之间有所不同。陆地物种呈U形分布，而海洋物种呈直角三角形。H E两组均显示出单峰分布。（d）陆地（0.668）和海洋（0.672）物种的H E平均值相似，而h陆地物种（0.578）明显低于海洋物种（0.740）。考虑了两种假设来解释上述模式，其中一种是基于较高的mtDNA突变率，而另一种则基于嵌套的亚群结构，其中基于ncDNA的种群包括多个基于mtDNA的亚群。在本文中，以h的较高种内变异为重点讨论了这两个假设的合理性。
更新日期：2020-11-15
中文翻译：
与哺乳动物种群中的核微卫星相比，线粒体DNA多样性差异很大
在理想化的种群中，线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的有效基因数（可遗传的基因数）是核DNA（ncDNA）的四分之一。因此，由于遗传漂移对mtDNA的影响较大，预计mtDNA单倍型多样性（h）低于ncDNA杂合性（H E）。该预测尚未得到系统的检验。为此，在这项研究中，已发布的108个哺乳动物物种（66种陆地和42种海洋物种）的739个种群的数据揭示了以下模式：（a）在54.9％的种群中h高于H E，（b）方差的ħ（0.097）比的显著更高ħ ë（0.018）和（c）h的频率分布在陆地和海洋物种之间有所不同。陆地物种呈U形分布，而海洋物种呈直角三角形。H E两组均显示出单峰分布。（d）陆地（0.668）和海洋（0.672）物种的H E平均值相似，而h陆地物种（0.578）明显低于海洋物种（0.740）。考虑了两种假设来解释上述模式，其中一种是基于较高的mtDNA突变率，而另一种则基于嵌套的亚群结构，其中基于ncDNA的种群包括多个基于mtDNA的亚群。在本文中，以h的较高种内变异为重点讨论了这两个假设的合理性。
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