Understanding the Work Function Modification by a Self‐assembled Polyvinylpyrrolidone Layer in Inverted Organic Solar Cells,Solar RRL

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Understanding the Work Function Modification by a Self‐assembled Polyvinylpyrrolidone Layer in Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Solar RRL ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 , DOI: 10.1002/solr.202000575
Qilun Zhang ₁ , Chuanfei Wang ₁ , Xianjie Liu ₁ , Mats Fahlman ₁

Affiliation

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been successfully used as the cathode interfacial layer (CIL) in organic solar cells (OSCs) for work function (W_F) modification. However, detailed insight into the effect of a PVP interlayer on the physicochemical properties of the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode in inverted OSCs (I‐OSCs) is still largely absent. Herein, the ITO/PVP interface is investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy and the mechanisms for the energy level alignment of PVP on different substrates in general are unraveled. The results indicate that the dipole formation that reduces the W_F is driven by not only the directional intrinsic molecular dipole moments associated with the γ‐lactam of PVP, but also an additional dipole step with the same direction created by the image charges in the contacting (semi‐)conductor layer. In addition, high‐performance inverted OSCs (I‐OSCs) are achieved by introducing a self‐assembled ultrathin PVP layer using a simple immersion method. This work provides enhanced understanding of the PVP‐based CIL and demonstrates its great potential in I‐OSC fabrication, which can pave the way to simplified manufacturing of low‐cost and large‐area devices in organic electronic technologies.

中文翻译：

了解反向有机太阳能电池中自组装的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮层的功函数修饰

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）已成功用作有机太阳能电池（OSC）中的阴极界面层（CIL），用于功函数（W _F）修饰。但是，仍然缺乏关于PVP中间层对倒置OSC（I-OSC）中铟锡氧化物（ITO）电极的物理化学性质的影响的详细了解。在本文中，通过光电子能谱研究了ITO / PVP界面，并揭示了PVP在不同基板上能级对准的机理。结果表明降低W _F的偶极子形成它不仅受与PVP的γ-内酰胺有关的定向本征分子偶极矩的驱动，而且还受到与接触（半）导体层中图像电荷产生的方向相同的附加偶极阶跃的驱动。此外，通过使用简单的浸入方法引入自组装的超薄PVP层，可以实现高性能的反向OSC（I-OSC）。这项工作增强了对基于PVP的CIL的理解，并展示了其在I-OSC制造中的巨大潜力，这可以为简化有机电子技术中低成本和大面积器件的制造铺平道路。

更新日期：2021-01-07

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