From Molecules to Polymers—Harnessing Inter‐ and Intramolecular Interactions to Create Mechanochromic Materials,Macromolecular Rapid Communications

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From Molecules to Polymers—Harnessing Inter‐ and Intramolecular Interactions to Create Mechanochromic Materials
Macromolecular Rapid Communications ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 , DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000573
Hanna Traeger ₁ , Derek J Kiebala ₁ , Christoph Weder ₁ , Stephen Schrettl ₁

Affiliation

The development of mechanophores as building blocks that serve as predefined weak linkages has enabled the creation of mechanoresponsive and mechanochromic polymer materials, which are interesting for a range of applications including the study of biological specimens or advanced security features. In typical mechanophores, covalent bonds are broken when polymers that contain these chemical motifs are exposed to mechanical forces, and changes of the optical properties upon bond scission can be harnessed as a signal that enables the detection of applied mechanical stresses and strains. Similar chromic effects upon mechanical deformation of polymers can also be achieved without relying on the scission of covalent bonds. The dissociation of motifs that feature directional noncovalent interactions, the disruption of aggregated molecules, and conformational changes in molecules or polymers constitute an attractive element for the design of mechanoresponsive and mechanochromic materials. In this article, it is reviewed how such alterations of molecules and polymers can be exploited for the development of mechanochromic materials that signal deformation without breaking covalent bonds. Recent illustrative examples are highlighted that showcase how the use of such mechanoresponsive motifs enables the visual mapping of stresses and damage in a reversible and highly sensitive manner.

中文翻译：

从分子到聚合物—利用分子间和分子间的相互作用创造机械变色材料

机械力学作为可预定义的薄弱环节的基本组成部分的发展使得能够创建机械响应性和机械变色聚合物材料，这对于包括生物学标本研究或高级安全特征研究在内的一系列应用都很有趣。在典型的机械载体中，当包含这些化学基序的聚合物受到机械力作用时，共价键会断裂，并且在键断裂时光学性质的变化可以用作信号，从而能够检测施加的机械应力和应变。在不依赖于共价键断裂的情况下，也可以实现对聚合物机械变形的类似的铬效应。具有方向性非共价相互作用的基序解离，聚集分子的破坏，分子或聚合物的构象变化构成了机械响应和机械变色材料设计的诱人元素。在本文中，综述了如何利用这种分子和聚合物的变化来开发机械变色材料，该材料在不破坏共价键的情况下发出信号变形。突出了最近的说明性示例，这些示例展示了如何使用此类机械响应性基元以可逆和高度敏感的方式实现应力和损坏的可视化映射。综述了如何利用这种分子和聚合物的变化来开发机械变色材料，该材料在不破坏共价键的情况下发出变形信号。突出了最近的说明性示例，这些示例展示了如何使用此类机械响应性基元以可逆和高度敏感的方式实现应力和损坏的可视化映射。综述了如何利用这种分子和聚合物的变化来开发机械变色材料，该材料在不破坏共价键的情况下发出变形信号。突出了最近的说明性示例，这些示例展示了如何使用此类机械响应性基元以可逆和高度敏感的方式实现应力和损坏的可视化映射。

更新日期：2021-01-08

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