Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre‐pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe, Anatolia,Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

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Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre‐pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe, Anatolia
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 , DOI: 10.1002/esp.5035
Moritz Nykamp ₁ , Fabian Becker ₁ , Ricarda Braun ₂ , Nadja Pöllath ₃ , Daniel Knitter ₂ , Joris Peters _{3,

4} , Brigitta Schütt ₁

Affiliation

This study presents a meta‐analysis of radiocarbon ages for the environs of Göbekli Tepe – one of the oldest monumental structures worldwide – using cumulative probability functions to diachronically assess phases of geomorphodynamic activity as controlled by natural or anthropogenic drivers. We employ sediment cascades as a heuristic framework to study the complex responses of the geomorphological system to various triggers at local to supra‐regional scales. Possible triggers include climatic variability as documented by supra‐regional hydroclimatic proxy data, regional demographic trends, and local to regional socioeconomic developments such as the emergence of sedentism or the introduction and dispersal of livestock herding. Our results show that phases of intensified geomorphodynamic activity occurred between ca. 7.4–7.0 and 5.8–3.3 ka BP. These phases roughly coincide with phases of population growth in southern Turkey and climatic variations in Turkey and the Levant. The phase between ca. 5.8–3.3 ka BP also corresponds to the time when organized agriculture and the seeder plough were introduced. Also, the identified phases are in agreement with the general trend of varying geomorphodynamic activity in the Eastern Mediterranean as driven by human impact and climatic change. However, neither the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition nor the development of herding during the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic left a clear signature. We demonstrate how the different depositional environments in the studied landscape compartments vary with respect to their spatiotemporal coverage and discuss challenges when trying to understand processes that once shaped landscapes of past societies. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

中文翻译：

安纳托利亚GöbekliTepe陶器前新石器时代的沉积物级联以及人类影响与自然动力学之间的纠缠关系

这项研究对GöbekliTepe（全世界最古老的纪念性建筑之一）周围环境的放射性碳年龄进行了荟萃分析，利用累积概率函数从历时上评估了自然或人为驱动因素控制的地貌动力学活动的各个阶段。我们采用沉积物级联作为一个启发式框架来研究地貌系统对局部到超区域尺度各种触发因素的复杂响应。可能的触发因素包括超区域水文气候替代数据所记录的气候变化，区域人口趋势以及当地到区域社会经济发展，例如久坐不动的出现或牲畜放牧的引入和散布。我们的研究结果表明，大约在两地之间发生了地貌动力活动增强的阶段。7.4–7.0和5.8–3.3 ka BP。这些阶段与土耳其南部的人口增长阶段以及土耳其和黎凡特的气候变化阶段大致吻合。之间的相位。5.8–3.3 ka BP也对应于引入有组织农业和播种犁的时间。还，在人类影响和气候变化的驱动下，确定的阶段与东地中海地貌动力学活动变化的总体趋势一致。但是，新石器时代以前的陶林-新茂树过渡期和新石器时代的羊群发展都没有留下明显的印记。我们演示了所研究的景观区隔中不同的沉积环境在时空覆盖方面如何变化，并讨论了试图理解曾经塑造过去社会景观的过程时所面临的挑战。©2020作者。约翰·威利父子有限公司出版的《地球表面过程和地形》在新石器时代前的陶器时代，年轻的树蛙-全新世过渡和羊群的发展都没有留下明显的印记。我们演示了所研究的景观区隔中不同的沉积环境在时空覆盖方面如何变化，并讨论了试图理解曾经塑造过去社会景观的过程时所面临的挑战。©2020作者。约翰·威利父子有限公司出版的《地球表面过程和地形》在新石器时代前的陶器时代，年轻的树蛙-全新世过渡和羊群的发展都没有留下明显的印记。我们演示了所研究的景观区隔中不同的沉积环境在时空覆盖方面如何变化，并讨论了试图理解曾经塑造过去社会景观的过程时所面临的挑战。©2020作者。约翰·威利父子有限公司出版的《地球表面过程和地形》

更新日期：2020-11-16

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