In general, the certified pathways for the production of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) are still far from being competitive with fossil kerosene, although they have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the mitigation costs related to SAFs and how they compete with the carbon credits market remain unclear. The present study addressed these issues, evaluating SAF pathways based on hydrotreatment (HEFA process) of soybean oil, palm oil, used cooking oil (UCO) and beef tallow; dehydration and oligomerization of ethanol (ATJ technology) obtained from sugarcane, lignocellulosic residues, and steel off‐gases; and the thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic residues using the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Residue‐based pathways had lower mitigation costs. Used cooking oil / HEFA had the lowest value (185 USD tCO_2e⁻¹), followed by the thermochemical conversion of forestry residues (234–263 USD tCO_2e⁻¹). Of the 1G pathways, SAF production from 1G sugarcane ethanol (SC‐1G/ATJ) performed better (495 USD tCO_2e⁻¹) than oil‐based ones. In comparison with the carbon market, the mitigation costs of SAFs are much higher than the current prices or even future ones. However, several concerns about the credibility of the emission units and their effective mitigation effects indicate that SAFs could play an important role in aviation sector goals. Considering the potential of supplying SAF and mitigating emissions, SC‐1G/ATJ was suggested as a preferred alternative in the short term. Of the residue‐based pathways, tallow / HEFA and FT of forestry residues are suggested as strategic alternatives. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

中文翻译：

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通过可持续的航空燃料减少碳排放：成本和潜力

总体而言，经认证的生产可持续航空燃料（SAF）的途径与化石煤油相比仍然遥不可及，尽管它们具有减少温室气体（GHG）排放的潜力。但是，与SAF相关的缓解成本以及它们如何与碳信用额市场竞争尚不清楚。本研究解决了这些问题，评估了基于大豆油，棕榈油，废食用油（UCO）和牛脂的加氢处理（HEFA工艺）的SAF途径。从甘蔗，木质纤维素残留物和钢铁废气中获得的乙醇的脱水和低聚（ATJ技术）；并使用费-托（FT）工艺和水热液化（HTL）进行木质纤维素残留物的热化学转化。基于残基的途径降低了缓解成本。_2e ^-1），然后进行林业残留物的热化学转化（234–263 USD tCO _2e ^-1）。在1G途径中，用1G甘蔗乙醇（SC-1G / ATJ）生产SAF的效果更好（495 USD tCO _2e ^-1）比石油基产品高。与碳市场相比，SAF的减排成本远高于当前甚至未来的价格。但是，对排放单位的信誉及其有效缓解效果的一些担忧表明，SAF可能在航空部门的目标中发挥重要作用。考虑到提供SAF和减少排放的潜力，短期内建议将SC-1G / ATJ作为首选方案。在基于残留物的途径中，建议将牛油/ HEFA和林业残留物的FT作为战略替代方案。©2020作者。化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd出版的生物燃料，生物产品和生物精制