Abstract Experimental data on the freezing rate and formation of cylindrical and spherical gas inclusions occurring in ice during the cooling of distilled water being in equilibrium with air at different initial temperatures of water and air and during the nonuniform cooling of a vessel with water have been obtained. The shape, size, and location of emerging gas formations are explained in a qualitative manner. It is shown that, with sufficiently slow freezing of water, conditions are created for the formation of thin (0.05 to 0.4 mm) and long (5 to 40 mm) fairly uniform gas tubes. With the acceleration of water freezing, the length of the gas tubes decreases significantly, whereas spherical gas inclusions are formed. The main processes occurring in water are mathematically analyzed. The specified processes include the temperature reduction, variation of the water aggregate state, gas concentration, and creation of conditions for the formation of gas cavities. The quantitative estimates of typical sizes of the forming tubular pores and the distances between them are obtained.

中文翻译：

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水冷条件对多孔冰形成机制的影响

摘要 获得了在不同的水和空气初始温度下与空气平衡的蒸馏水冷却过程中以及容器用水不均匀冷却过程中冰中出现的圆柱形和球形气体包裹体的冻结速率和形成的实验数据。 . 以定性方式解释出现的气层的形状、大小和位置。结果表明，在足够缓慢的水冻结的情况下，为形成细（0.05 至 0.4 毫米）和长（5 至 40 毫米）相当均匀的气管创造了条件。随着水结冰的加速，气管长度显着缩短，形成球形气体包裹体。对水中发生的主要过程进行了数学分析。规定的过程包括降温、水聚集状态、气体浓度的变化，以及为气穴形成创造条件。获得了形成管状孔的典型尺寸和它们之间的距离的定量估计。