Global warming and anticipated increase in rainfall frequency and magnitude are linked to enhanced rockfall activity worldwide. Arid environments, which currently receive limited amount of annual rainfall, will be particularly subject to frequent and unpredictable rockfall activity that can substantially jeopardize human lives and infrastructures. The main scope of this study is to assess the rockfall hazards in Thawr Mountain and Al-Azyziah district, western Saudi Arabia, using integrated field, geological, climatological and remote sensing datasets and modeling. Our findings indicated that: (1) there are general increasing trends of average annual precipitation and temperature for the period between 2009 and 2019, (2) inspection of multi-temporal satellite images between 2003 and 2017 showed rapid urban expansion, mainly through modification of hillslopes for urban development, which is expected to pose critical consequences on slope instability, (3) field investigations attributed rockfall activity to weathered exfoliated granodiorite hillslopes with abundant tension cracks and steep slopes, (4) slope degrees reached 79° with a general slope direction toward the urbanized areas, and (5) the rockfall motion was simulated along six profiles with dynamic urban areas along the termination of each profile, which showed that several blocks along the six profiles can reach the profile termination with medium intensity rockfall activity and kinetic energy ranges between 50 and 80 kj. The reported rockfall motion can threaten lives, houses and infrastructures. Therefore, protective precautions were suggested to prevent and mitigate the impact of rockfall activity along the studied profiles and similar areas in the mountainous western Arabian Peninsula.

全球变暖和预计降雨频率和幅度的增加与全世界岩崩活动的增加有关。目前每年降雨量有限的干旱环境将特别遭受频繁且不可预测的落石活动，这些活动可能会严重危害人类的生命和基础设施。这项研究的主要范围是使用综合的野外，地质，气候和遥感数据集和模型来评估沙特阿拉伯西部Thawr山和Al-Azyziah地区的崩塌危害。我们的发现表明：（1）2009年至2019年期间，年平均降水量和温度呈总体上升趋势；（2）对2003年至2017年之间的多时相卫星图像进行的检查显示，城市迅速扩张；主要通过修改山坡以促进城市发展，这有望对边坡的不稳定性造成严重后果。（3）现场调查将落石活动归因于风化的剥落的花岗闪长花岗岩，其张力裂缝和陡坡都很丰富，（4）坡度达到79° （5）沿六个剖面模拟落石运动，沿每个剖面的终点有动态市区，这表明沿六个剖面的几个街区可以到达中等强度落石的剖面终点活性和动能在50至80 kj之间。据报道，落石运动可能威胁到生命，房屋和基础设施。因此，