ABSTRACT

Soil microbial and enzymatic activities are sensitive to environmental change. To assess variations in soil properties, six prominent rainfed land-use systems were undertaken in Shiwalik foothills of Punjab, India. In soil samples (0–0.15 m), pH, EC, SOC, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, DTPA-Zn, DTPA-Fe, DTPA-Mn and DTPA-Cu varied from 7.3–7.9, 0.31–0.61 ds m⁻¹, 0.20–0.63%, 110–381 kg ha⁻¹, 29.8–32.6 kg ha⁻¹, 99–196 kg ha⁻¹, 9.5–15.1 mg kg⁻¹, 9.0–25.2 mg kg⁻¹, 0.31–1.02 mg kg⁻¹ and 0.71–0.96 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. In soil biochemical properties, dehydrogenase activity varied from 5.4–10.9 µg TPF g⁻¹ h⁻¹, acid and alkaline phosphatase from 17.0–36.5 µg pNP g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 36.3–61.3 µg pNP g⁻¹ h⁻¹, urease from 4.05 to 4.80 µg NH₄-N g⁻¹ soil min⁻¹, basal soil respiration from 0.13–0.27 µg CO₂ g⁻¹ soil h⁻¹, MBC from 34.9 to 184.5 µg g⁻¹ soil, total and easily extractable glomalin from 4.19 to 8.80 g kg⁻¹ and 1.70 to 8.32 g kg⁻¹, respectively. PCA identified SOC, EC, total extractable glomalin, DTPA-Zn and available potassium as most sensitive and reliable indicators for soil quality. Agri-horticulture and forestry system are considered as sustainable ecosystem in Shiwalik foothills of Punjab.

摘要

土壤微生物和酶活性对环境变化很敏感。为了评估土壤特性的变化，在印度旁遮普邦的 Shiwalik 山麓进行了六个主要的雨养土地利用系统。在土壤样品（0-0.15 m）中，pH、EC、SOC、有效氮、磷、钾、DTPA-Zn、DTPA-Fe、DTPA-Mn 和 DTPA-Cu 变化范围为 7.3-7.9、0.31-0.61 ds m ^{- 1} , 0.20–0.63%, 110–381 kg ha ^-1 , 29.8–32.6 kg ha ^-1 , 99–196 kg ha ^-1 , 9.5–15.1 mg kg ^-1 , 9.0–25.2 mg kg ^-1 , 0.31–1.02 mg kg ^-1 和 0.71–0.96 mg kg ^-1分别。在土壤生化特性中，脱氢酶活性在 5.4–10.9 µg TPF g ^{-1之间变化} h ^-1，酸性和碱性磷酸酶从 17.0–36.5 µg pNP g ^-1  h ^-1 和 36.3–61.3 µg pNP g ^-1  h ^-1，脲酶从 4.05 到 4.80 µg NH ₄ -N g ^-1 土壤 min ^-1 , 基础土壤呼吸从 0.13–0.27 µg CO ₂  g ^-1 土壤 h ^-1 , MBC 从 34.9 到 184.5 µg g ^-1 土壤, 总和容易提取的球蛋白从 4.19 到 8.80 g kg ^-1 和 1.70 到 8.32 g kg ^{- 1}， 分别。PCA 将 SOC、EC、总可提取球菌素、DTPA-Zn 和有效钾确定为土壤质量最敏感和可靠的指标。农业园艺和林业系统被认为是旁遮普省 Shiwalik 山麓的可持续生态系统。