Abstract Context Damage to harvest storage systems by mammals and associated postharvest losses generate human–wildlife conflicts. Silo bags have been widely adopted worldwide as a type of temporary harvest storage for agricultural crops. The basis of silo-bag technology is the hermetic condition of the plastic lining. Breaks in this silo-bag lining by mammals generate damage of stored content and are a serious concern for farmers, who generally take actions against wildlife with consequent impacts on the environment. Aims We described the incidence and intensity of breaks in silo-bag linings by different mammal groups (armadillos, canids and rodents) in agroecosystems of central Argentina, and we analysed the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on patterns of breakage of silo bags, and propose management options based on cultural methods tending to prevent damage and reduce human–wildlife conflicts. Methods Sampling was conducted during the austral summer and winter of 2018, at three sites in the Pampas of Argentina. At each site, we chose farms that were using at least one silo bag, described silo-bag characteristics, and recorded the number of breaks in silo bags generated by mammals. Key results We sampled a total of 306 silo bags from 38 farms. Damage incidence by mammals comprised 49% of silo bags sampled. Statistical analyses (GLMMs) revealed that damage intensity generally increased with storage time. Seasonality played a key role, with breakage being higher during summer for armadillos, when they are most active, and in winter for rodents, when they are most abundant. Damage by armadillos exhibited geographic variation and also decreased significantly with increasing distance to the nearest plot edge in which the silo bag was placed. Damage by rodents was higher for bags containing grains rather than forage. Conclusions Damage to silo bags by mammals was affected by both extrinsic (seasonal and geographical) and intrinsic (stored content, storage time and distance to nearest edge) factors; however, these effects varied according to the mammal group considered. Implications Relocation of silo bags away from plot edges could significantly reduce damage by armadillos, the most harmful mammals to silo bags.

中文翻译：

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农业生态系统中哺乳动物对筒仓袋的破坏：对减轻人与野生动物冲突的贡献

摘要 哺乳动物对收获储存系统的破坏和相关的收获后损失会引发人类与野生动物的冲突。筒仓袋已在世界范围内被广泛采用，作为一种农作物的临时收获储存装置。筒仓袋技术的基础是塑料衬里的密封条件。哺乳动物破坏这种筒仓袋内衬会对储存的内容物造成损害，这对农民来说是一个严重的问题，他们通常会对野生动物采取行动，从而对环境产生影响。目的 我们描述了阿根廷中部农业生态系统中不同哺乳动物群（​​犰狳、犬科动物和啮齿动物）的筒仓袋内衬破裂的发生率和强度，并分析了外在和内在因素对筒仓袋破损模式的影响，并提出基于文化方法的管理方案，以防止损害并减少人类与野生动物的冲突。方法 抽样于 2018 年夏季和冬季在阿根廷潘帕斯草原的三个地点进行。在每个地点，我们选择了至少使用一个筒仓袋的农场，描述筒仓袋的特征，并记录了哺乳动物产生的筒仓袋破裂次数。主要结果 我们从 38 个农场总共抽取了 306 个筒仓袋。哺乳动物的损害发生率占所采样筒仓袋的 49%。统计分析 (GLMMs) 显示损伤强度通常随着储存时间的增加而增加。季节性起着关键作用，犰狳最活跃的夏季断头率更高，而啮齿动物最活跃的冬季则断头率更高。犰狳造成的损害表现出地理差异，并且随着距放置筒仓袋的最近小区边缘的距离增加而显着降低。对于装有谷物而非草料的袋子，啮齿动物造成的伤害更高。结论 哺乳动物对筒仓袋的损坏受外在（季节性和地理）和内在（存储内容、存储时间和到最近边缘的距离）因素的影响；然而，这些影响因所考虑的哺乳动物群体而异。影响 将筒仓袋搬离地块边缘可以显着减少犰狳的损害，犰狳是对筒仓袋最有害的哺乳动物。结论 哺乳动物对筒仓袋的损坏受外在（季节性和地理）和内在（存储内容、存储时间和到最近边缘的距离）因素的影响；然而，这些影响因所考虑的哺乳动物群体而异。影响 将筒仓袋搬离地块边缘可以显着减少犰狳的损害，犰狳是对筒仓袋最有害的哺乳动物。结论 哺乳动物对筒仓袋的损坏受外在（季节性和地理）和内在（存储内容、存储时间和到最近边缘的距离）因素的影响；然而，这些影响因所考虑的哺乳动物群体而异。影响 将筒仓袋搬离地块边缘可以显着减少犰狳的损害，犰狳是对筒仓袋最有害的哺乳动物。