Growing up in migrant families is a well-known distal risk factor related to poorer outcomes in child and adolescent health, academic, socioemotional and behavioural development. This article reviews the effects of various prevention measures such as early education programmes, cognitive and language training or parent and teacher training on child and adolescent developmental outcomes in immigration samples. Using several comprehensive literature searches, we found 138 research reports with 141 studies and 175 comparisons on preventing negative effects of immigration. Overall, programmes yielded an effect size of d = 0.26 at post-test using the random effect model. These effects decreased over time while still differing significantly from zero. A cross-tabulation of prevention approach/programme type by different outcome domains revealed several important results such as high effects of child cognitive and language training programmes on child academic and language outcomes and relatively low effects of all programmes on child socioemotional outcomes. In addition, individualised and culturally tailored programmes seems to be more effective. However, generalised effects on more distal educational outcomes (e.g., school degrees) were generally weak. Hence, it remains questionable whether individual psychosocial and educational programmes are able to counterbalance the multifaceted risks of immigration.

中文翻译：

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缓冲移民对认知、社会和教育发展的负面影响：对儿童和青少年预防计划的多国荟萃分析

在移民家庭中长大是众所周知的远期风险因素，与儿童和青少年健康、学业、社会情感和行为发展的较差结果相关。本文回顾了各种预防措施（例如早期教育计划、认知和语言培训或家长和教师培训）对移民样本中儿童和青少年发展结果的影响。通过多项综合文献搜索，我们找到了 138 份研究报告，其中包含 141 项研究和 175 项关于防止移民负面影响的比较。总体而言，程序在使用随机效应模型的后测中产生的效应大小为 d = 0.26。这些影响随着时间的推移而下降，但仍与零显着不同。不同结果领域的预防方法/计划类型的交叉表显示了几个重要的结果，例如儿童认知和语言培训计划对儿童学业和语言结果的影响很大，而所有计划对儿童社会情感结果的影响相对较低。此外，个性化和文化定制的计划似乎更有效。然而，对更远期的教育成果（例如，学校学位）的普遍影响通常较弱。因此，个人社会心理和教育计划是否能够抵消移民的多方面风险仍然值得怀疑。