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Urbanization mediates the effects of water quality and climate on a model aerial insectivorous bird
Ecological Monographs ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-15 , DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1442
S. Mažeika P. Sullivan 1 , Joseph W. Corra 1 , Jeffry T. Hayes 1
Affiliation  

Aerial insectivorous birds have experienced alarming population declines in eastern North America. Meanwhile, urbanization continues to increase rapidly, with urban land use comprising 69.4 million acres (1 acre = 0.40 ha), or 3.6% of total land area, in the contiguous United States. Multiple environmental changes are associated with urbanization, including alterations to local climate, changes in habitat structure, and potential shifts in both terrestrial and emergent aquatic flying insects on which aerial insectivorous birds rely. Here, we investigated the linkages between urbanization, water quality, and Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) reproductive success and body condition at seven river‐riparian sites representing urban and protected land use in Columbus, Ohio (USA) over five consecutive years (2014–2018). Tree Swallows at urban and protected sites relied on emergent aquatic insects for 37.4% and 30.8% (SD = 28.4% and 24.1%) of their nutritional subsidies, respectively. Despite the loss of environmental quality generally attributed to cities, Tree Swallows exhibited greater reproductive success in urban settings where climate was more amenable to egg and nestling survival, and the breeding season was longer. Urban‐nesting Tree Swallows initiated laying 7.9 d earlier and fledged 35% more young per nest than those at protected sites. Multiple characteristics of urban sites appeared to drive these patterns, including differences in mean and extreme air temperatures and measures of water quality (e.g., water temperature, nutrient concentrations, turbidity). However, chronic effects of elevated Hg concentrations, which were 482% greater in adult swallow blood at urban sites than at protected sites where swallows exhibited a 17.4% lower trophic position, may disadvantage individuals in other ways. Further, although Tree Swallows are a good model aerial insectivore bird species, characteristics of urban landscapes that benefit Tree Swallows may not advantage other aerial insectivorous birds owing to differences in life‐history and foraging strategies. These findings implicate urbanization, local climate, and water quality as important considerations in the conservation of aerial insectivorous birds.

中文翻译:

城市化介导了水质和气候对模型食虫性鸟类的影响

空中食虫鸟在北美东部经历了令人震惊的种群下降。同时,城市化继续快速增长,在美国本土,城市土地使用占6940万英亩(1英亩= 0.40公顷),占总土地面积的3.6%。多种环境变化与城市化有关,包括当地气候的变化,栖息地结构的变化以及空中和食虫鸟类所依赖的陆地和新兴水生飞行昆虫的潜在转移。在这里,我们研究了城市化,水质和树燕子(Tachycineta bicolor)连续五年(2014年至2018年)在代表美国俄亥俄州俄亥俄州哥伦布市的城市土地和受保护土地的七个沿河沿岸地区实现了生殖成功和身体状况。城市和保护区的树燕子依靠紧急水生昆虫分别获得其营养补贴的37.4%和30.8%(SD = 28.4%和24.1%)。尽管通常归因于城市的环境质量下降,燕子在城市环境中仍表现出更大的繁殖成功率,在这些环境中,气候更适合鸡蛋和雏鸟的生存,并且繁殖季节更长。城市燕窝树燕开始早产7.9 d,比受保护地点的燕窝多出35%的幼鸟。城市遗址的多重特征似乎驱动了这些模式,包括平均气温和极端气温的差异以及水质的度量标准(例如,水温,营养物浓度,浊度)。然而,升高的Hg浓度的慢性影响可能会以其他方式使个体处于不利地位,Hg浓度升高对市区燕子的营养作用要比受保护的燕子的营养位置低17.4%,而市区的成人燕子血液中的Hg浓度要高482%。此外,尽管树燕子是优良的空中食虫鸟类模型,但由于生活史和觅食策略的差异,有益于树燕子的城市景观特征可能无法利用其他食虫性鸟类。这些发现暗示了城市化,当地气候和水质是保护空中食虫鸟的重要考虑因素。营养成分浓度,浊度)。然而,升高的Hg浓度的慢性影响(在市区内成年燕子血液中的482%比在受保护的燕子中的营养位置低17.4%的地方高出)可能以其他方式使个体处于不利地位。此外,尽管树燕子是优良的空中食虫鸟类模型,但由于生活史和觅食策略的差异,有益于树燕子的城市景观特征可能无法利用其他食虫性鸟类。这些发现暗示了城市化,当地气候和水质是保护空中食虫鸟的重要考虑因素。营养成分浓度,浊度)。然而,升高的Hg浓度的慢性影响可能会以其他方式使个体处于不利地位,Hg浓度升高对市区燕子的营养作用要比受保护的燕子的营养位置低17.4%,而市区的成人燕子血液中的Hg浓度要高482%。此外,尽管树燕子是优良的空中食虫鸟类模型,但由于生活史和觅食策略的差异,有益于树燕子的城市景观特征可能无法利用其他食虫性鸟类。这些发现暗示了城市化,当地气候和水质是保护空中食虫鸟的重要考虑因素。在市区,成年燕子的血中燕子的血脂比受保护的燕子的营养位低17.4%的受保护者高482%,这可能以其他方式使个体处于不利地位。此外,尽管树燕子是优良的空中食虫鸟类模型,但由于生活史和觅食策略的差异,有益于树燕子的城市景观特征可能无法利用其他食虫性鸟类。这些发现暗示了城市化,当地气候和水质是保护空中食虫鸟的重要考虑因素。在市区,成年燕子的血中燕子的血脂比受保护的燕子的营养位低17.4%的受保护者高482%,这可能以其他方式使个体处于不利地位。此外,尽管树燕子是优良的空中食虫鸟类模型,但由于生活史和觅食策略的差异,有益于树燕子的城市景观特征可能无法利用其他食虫性鸟类。这些发现暗示了城市化,当地气候和水质是保护空中食虫鸟的重要考虑因素。由于生活史和觅食策略的差异,有益于树燕子的城市景观特征可能无法利用其他食虫性鸟类。这些发现暗示了城市化,当地气候和水质是保护空中食虫鸟的重要考虑因素。由于生活史和觅食策略的差异,有益于树燕子的城市景观特征可能无法利用其他食虫性鸟类。这些发现暗示了城市化,当地气候和水质是保护空中食虫鸟的重要考虑因素。
更新日期:2020-11-15
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