We use historical analysis of solar wind plasma and coronal mass ejections to define the range of performance required for an ion analyzer for future space weather monitoring missions. We adopt the design of a top hat electrostatic analyzer, capable of measuring the plasma protons and constructing their three‐dimensional distribution functions. The design is based on previous heritage instruments and allows monitoring of extreme space weather events. In order to evaluate the future observations and their analysis methods, we model the expected response of the instrument in simulated plasma conditions. We evaluate a novel analysis method which can determine on board the plasma bulk properties, such as density, velocity, and temperature from the statistical moments of the observed velocity distribution functions of the plasma particles. We quantify the accuracy of the derived parameters critical for space weather purposes, by comparing them with the corresponding input solar wind parameters. In order to validate the instrument design, we examine the accuracy over the entire range of the input parameters we expect to observe in solar wind, from benign to extreme space weather conditions. We also use realistic parameters of fast solar wind streams and interplanetary coronal mass ejections as measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft, to investigate the performance of the example instrument and the accuracy of the analysis. We discuss the achieved accuracy and its relevance to space weather monitoring concepts. We address sources of significant errors, and we demonstrate potential improvements by using a fitting analysis method to derive the results.

中文翻译：

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评估用于空间气象监测任务概念的等离子体分析仪的性能

我们使用太阳风等离子体和日冕质量抛射的历史分析来定义离子分析仪用于未来太空天气监测任务所需的性能范围。我们采用高帽静电分析仪的设计，该仪能够测量等离子体质子并构建其三维分布函数。该设计基于以前的传统仪器，可以监视极端空间天气事件。为了评估未来的观察结果及其分析方法，我们在模拟血浆条件下对仪器的预期响应进行了建模。我们评估了一种新颖的分析方法，该方法可以从观测到的血浆颗粒速度分布函数的统计矩确定机载的血浆体积特性，例如密度，速度和温度。通过将它们与相应的输入太阳风参数进行比较，我们量化了对于空间天气目的至关重要的参数的准确性。为了验证仪器的设计，我们检查了预期在太阳风中从良性到极端太空天气条件下输入参数整个范围的准确性。我们还使用由高级成分浏览器航天器测量的快速太阳风和行星际日冕质量抛射的实际参数，来研究示例仪器的性能和分析的准确性。我们讨论了所获得的准确性及其与空间天气监测概念的相关性。我们解决了重大错误的来源，并通过使用拟合分析方法得出结果来证明潜在的改进。