Abstract Forest vehicle operators are occupationally exposed to combined hazards such as noise, whole-body vibration(WBV), adverse microclimate, and carbon monoxide. Such combined exposures may not only increase the risk of accidents but they may also have some synergized effects on the developments of major occupational diseases of the workers, which have been among the major concerns of the occupational safety and health for the forestry sector in Romania. This study investigated the combined exposures through measuring and analyzing the equivalent acoustic level LAeq (dB(A)), whole-body vibration (A(8)-value), working microclimate, and carbon monoxide inside the worker's cabin in the breathable area. The vehicles considered in this study included skidding vehicles dedicated to wood exploitation (type I) and agricultural tractors modified for logging (type II). The cumulative distribution function of each types of exposure was calculated in the analyses. This study found that the noise and WBV exposures had large probabilities of exceeding the permissible limits: for noise, 75% for vehicle type I, and 55% for vehicle type II; for the WBV, 63% for type I vehicles, and 72% for type II vehicles. The measured data suggest that the microclimate and carbon monoxide exposures were within their limits in the process of collecting wood. This study also found that 27% of workers participated in the study were detected with occupational diseases. Based on these findings, some intervention methods were recommended to control the exposures and health effects.

中文翻译：

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林业车辆操作员进行木材采伐过程的主要物理危害暴露和健康影响调查

摘要 森林车辆操作员职业暴露于噪声、全身振动（WBV）、不利的小气候和一氧化碳等综合危害。这种组合暴露不仅可能增加事故风险，而且还可能对工人重大职业病的发展产生协同效应，这是罗马尼亚林业部门职业安全与健康的主要问题之一。本研究通过测量和分析工人舱内透气区域的等效声级 LAeq (dB(A))、全身振动 (A(8) 值)、工作小气候和一氧化碳来调查组合暴露。本研究中考虑的车辆包括专用于木材开采的滑移车辆（I 型）和改装用于伐木的农用拖拉机（II 型）。在分析中计算了每种暴露类型的累积分布函数。本研究发现，噪声和WBV暴露超过允许限值的可能性很大：对于噪声，I型车辆为75%，II型车辆为55%；对于 WBV，I 型车辆为 63%，II 型车辆为 72%。测量数据表明，在收集木材的过程中，小气候和一氧化碳暴露在其限制范围内。这项研究还发现，参与研究的工人中有 27% 被检测出患有职业病。基于这些发现，