Research question

Soil organic matter (SOM) addition has been shown to be effective for improving physicochemical and hydrological properties, but its effectiveness may be improved if amended with certain agro-industrial byproducts with cations and high carbon.

Purpose

This study was conducted to determine the quantitative effect of poultry litter (PL) amended with inorganic agro-industrial byproducts on aggregate and hydrological properties of a sandy loam soil.

Materials and methods

Poultry litter (PL) unamended or amended with quicklime (CaO), flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), Al₂ (SO4)₃·18H₂O (alum), cement kiln dust (CKD), crushed ag lime (CaCO₃), or biochar was applied to a sandy loam soil and incubated at room temperature for 30 days. Aggregate stability and water retention of the mixture were measured after the incubation.

Results

Amending PL with all byproducts, relative to the unamended PL, increased the stability of 0.25–2 mm aggregates and mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates. But only Ca-rich byproducts increased macro-aggregates (> 2.0 mm) stability by as much as 21.7%. The C-rich biochar reduced macro-aggregate (> 2.0 mm) stability by 18% compared to the PL alone. All byproducts increased soil field capacity (FC) and plant available water (PAW), and Ca-rich byproducts decreased water content at permanent wilting point (PWP), while biochar greatly increased water content at PWP. All Ca-rich byproducts increased PAW by an average of 49% over no Ca byproducts.

Conclusion

Our results overall showed that Ca-rich inorganic byproducts, some of which are commonly applied to agricultural soils, are effective PL amendments for improving soil aggregation and water holding properties.

中文翻译：

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农副产品和家禽垫料改良土壤的团聚和持水能力

研究问题

土壤有机质（SOM）的添加已被证明可有效改善理化和水文特性，但如果对某些带有阳离子和高碳的农业工业副产品进行修正，其有效性可能会得到改善。

目的

进行了这项研究，以确定用无机农业工业副产品改良的家禽垫料（PL）对砂壤土的团聚体和水文特性的定量影响。

材料和方法

未改性或用生石灰（CaO），烟道气脱硫石膏（FGDG），Al ₂（SO4）₃ ·18H ₂ O（铝），水泥窑粉尘（CKD），粉碎的石灰石灰（CaCO ₃）修改的家禽垃圾（PL ）将生物炭或生物炭施用到沙质壤土上，并在室温下孵育30天。温育后测量混合物的聚集稳定性和保水率。

结果

相对于未修正的PL，对所有副产物进行PL修正可以提高0.25–2 mm骨料的稳定性和骨料的平均重量直径（MWD）。但是，只有富含钙的副产物才能使宏观聚集体（> 2.0 mm）的稳定性提高多达21.7％。与单独的PL相比，富含C的生物炭将大骨料（> 2.0 mm）的稳定性降低了18％。所有副产物均增加了土壤田间持水量（FC）和植物有效水（PAW），富钙副产物降低了永久性枯萎点（PWP）的含水量，而生物炭极大地增加了PWP的含水量。与不含Ca的副产品相比，所有富含Ca的副产品平均可使PAW增加49％。

结论

我们的结果总体上表明，富含Ca的无机副产品（其中一些通常用于农业土壤）是有效的PL改良剂，可改善土壤聚集和持水性能。