Fusion performance has been shown to be related to the H-mode pedestal structure. The pedestal is associated with steep gradients that are the source of free energy for microinstabilities. A variety of instabilities have been shown to co-exist in the pedestal. This paper reviews the experimentally observed signatures of instabilities during the pedestal parameters’ evolutions, with a focus on turbulence observations, made in between edge localized modes (ELMs), in multiple tokamaks. ELMs are cyclic events associated with bursty relaxations of the pedestal. The multiple machine results point to very similar pedestal localized modes suggesting the existence of a unifying mechanism governing the modes’ onset and dynamics. Modeling efforts to identify the generation mechanism of these instabilities are introduced. Several remaining challenges include the study of the instability saturation mechanisms and impact on the pedestal structure formation. Potential future research avenues will require multiscale-non-linear-gyrokinetic analyses to study the non-linear interaction between these instabilities, and which pedestal conditions facilitate such non-linear interactions, as well as the relationship with the formation of the pedestal through transport.

融合性能已被证明与H型基座结构有关。基座与陡峭的坡度相关，陡坡是微不稳定性的自由能来源。各种不稳定因素已被证明并存于基座中。本文回顾了实验观察到的在基架参数演变过程中的不稳定性特征，重点是在多个托卡马克的边缘局部化模式（ELM）之间进行的湍流观测。ELM是与基座突然松弛相关的周期性事件。多台机器的结果指向非常相似的基座局部模式，表明存在控制模式的发生和动力学的统一机制。介绍了识别这些不稳定性产生机理的建模方法。尚待解决的几个挑战包括对不稳定性饱和机制及其对基座结构形成的影响的研究。潜在的未来研究途径将需要进行多尺度非线性陀螺动力学分析，以研究这些不稳定性之间的非线性相互作用，以及哪些支座条件促进了这种非线性相互作用以及与通过运输形成支座的关系。