Augmented reality (AR) may be a useful technique to overcome issues of conventionally used navigation systems supporting medical needle insertions, like increased mental workload and complicated hand-eye coordination. Previous research primarily focused on the development of AR navigation systems designed for specific displaying devices, but differences between employed methods have not been investigated before. To this end, a user study involving a needle insertion task was conducted comparing different AR display techniques with a monitor-based approach as baseline condition for the visualization of navigation information. A video see-through stationary display, an optical see-through head-mounted display and a spatial AR projector-camera-system were investigated in this comparison. Results suggest advantages of using projected navigation information in terms of lower task completion time, lower angular deviation and affirmative subjective participant feedback. Techniques requiring the intermediate view on screens, i.e. the stationary display and the baseline condition, showed less favorable results. Thus, benefits of providing AR navigation information compared to a conventionally used method could be identified. Significant objective measures results, as well as an identification of advantages and disadvantages of individual display techniques contribute to the development and design of improved needle navigation systems.

中文翻译：

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支持医疗针插入的增强现实显示技术的比较

增强现实（AR）可能是一种有用的技术，可以克服支持医疗针头插入的常规使用导航系统的问题，例如增加的精神工作量和复杂的手眼协调能力。先前的研究主要集中在为特定显示设备设计的AR导航系统的开发上，但是以前从未研究过采用的方法之间的差异。为此，进行了一项涉及针头插入任务的用户研究，将不同的AR显示技术与基于监视器的方法作为导航信息可视化的基准条件进行了比较。在此比较中，研究了视频透视固定式显示器，光学透视头戴式显示器和空间AR投影仪-相机系统。结果表明，在缩短任务完成时间，降低角度偏差和肯定主观参与者反馈方面，使用投影导航信息具有优势。要求在屏幕上进行中间查看的技术（即固定显示和基线条件）显示的效果较差。因此，与传统使用的方法相比，可以确定提供AR导航信息的益处。重大的客观测量结果，以及对各个显示技术的优缺点的识别，有助于改进和设计针导航系统。静态显示和基准状态显示的效果较差。因此，与传统使用的方法相比，可以确定提供AR导航信息的益处。重大的客观测量结果，以及对各个显示技术的优缺点的识别，有助于改进和设计针导航系统。静态显示和基准条件显示的效果较差。因此，与传统使用的方法相比，可以确定提供AR导航信息的益处。重大的客观测量结果，以及对各个显示技术的优缺点的识别，有助于改进和设计针导航系统。