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Gold-Catalyzed Conversion of Highly Strained Compounds
Chemical Reviews ( IF 51.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00624
Deyao Li 1 , Wenqing Zang 1 , Melissa J Bird 2 , Christopher J T Hyland 2 , Min Shi 1
Affiliation  

The past decade has witnessed the golden age of homogeneous gold-catalyzed reactions, especially those that involve the transformation of highly strained molecules into complex molecular architectures. Gold catalysts, with unique electronic properties and catalytic abilities, have elevated versatile reaction modes through π-interaction induced activation. On the basis of increasing research interest in this topic, together with the significant development of various ligands, including phosphine ligands and azacyclic or noncyclic carbene ligands, the understanding of the catalytic function of gold catalysts has become much deeper and more comprehensive. Different reaction needs thus could be adapted by a novel gold catalyst with a diversified ligand selection. Furthermore, the whole evolution of the gold catalysis on synthetic methodologies has realized and expanded its application into natural product synthesis as well as the potentiality of drug discovery, which endows this ancient metal with a magnificent renaissance. The reactivity of strained small ring molecules with high tension has always been an important research topic in organic chemistry. When the highly strained small ring is linked with a π-electron rich moiety or contains a heteroatom, the gold activation of the π-system or coordination with the heteroatom can initiate a cascade reaction, usually followed by ring opening or expansion. These processes can result in the rapid construction of complex and distinct molecular structures, many of which feature in biologically important molecules. In this review, we will mainly summarize the advances on diverse reaction types and molecular constructions accomplished by homogeneous gold catalysis using highly strained substrates, including methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs), vinylidenecyclopropanes (VDCPs), cyclopropenes as well as aziridine- and epoxide-containing molecules, focusing on the last 10 years. For functionalized alkynyl cyclopropanes, several early inspiring and elegant examples will be described in this review for systematically understanding these transformations.

中文翻译:

高应变化合物的金催化转化

过去十年见证了均相金催化反应的黄金时代,尤其是那些涉及将高应变分子转化为复杂分子结构的反应。金催化剂具有独特的电子特性和催化能力,通过 π 相互作用诱导活化提高了多种反应模式。在对该课题研究兴趣不断增加的基础上,随着各种配体,包括膦配体和氮杂环或非环卡宾配体的显着发展,对金催化剂催化功能的理解变得更加深入和全面。因此,具有多样化配体选择的新型金催化剂可以适应不同的反应需求。此外,金催化在合成方法上的整个演变已经实现并将其应用扩展到天然产物合成以及药物发现的潜力,这赋予了这种古老的金属伟大的复兴。具有高张力的张力小环分子的反应性一直是有机化学中的一个重要研究课题。当高度应变的小环与富含 π 电子的部分连接或包含杂原子时,π 系统的金活化或与杂原子的配位可以引发级联反应,通常随后是开环或扩环。这些过程可以导致复杂和独特的分子结构的快速构建,其中许多具有生物学重要的分子特征。在这次审查中,我们将主要总结使用高应变底物,包括亚甲基环丙烷 (MCPs)、亚乙烯基环丙烷 (VDCPs)、环丙烯以及含氮丙啶和环氧化物的分子,通过均相金催化完成的各种反应类型和分子结构的进展,重点关注最后一个10年。对于官能化的炔基环丙烷,本综述将描述几个早期鼓舞人心且优雅的例子,以系统地理解这些转化。
更新日期:2020-11-12
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