Salinization is affecting many rice (Oryza sativa L.) areas worldwide and weed infestation, together with the occurrence of herbicide-resistant populations, is further limiting rice yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of water salinity on the emergence and seedling growth of five Italian barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] populations (three sensitive and two resistant to acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides), three Italian weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) populations (all sensitive to imazamox), and two rice varieties (the conventional ‘Baldo’ variety and the imazamox-tolerant ‘CL80’ one). In 2017, seeds were sown in alveolar trays filled with sand, a nutrient solution, and water with the following salt concentrations: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl. Plant emergence (after 15 d), plant height, shoot and root weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content were measured at 40 d after sowing. Echinochloa crus-galli showed a higher tolerance to salinity than O. sativa and rice. All species were affected more at the seedling stage than at emergence. A variable behavior of the herbicide-resistant populations was shown; one resistant E. crus-galli population was affected more by salinity and showed a lower emergence rate (about 20% against 40% emergence of the other populations at the highest salt concentration) and reduced seedling growth, while the other resistant population’s response was similar to that of the sensitive populations. The chlorophyll content increased as the salt content increased in all E. crus-galli populations. The highest emergence and growth reduction in O. sativa were recorded in the imazamox-tolerant rice. Rice and O. sativa were able to grow only up to 50 mM. Echinochloa crus-galli populations are probably favored under saline conditions, while lower infestation by O. sativa can be expected.

中文翻译：

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稗 (Echinochloa crus-galli)、杂草水稻 (Oryza sativa) 和对 ALS 抑制性除草剂具有不同耐受性的水稻在出苗和幼苗阶段对盐分的敏感性

盐碱化正在影响许多水稻（水稻L.) 地区和杂草侵扰以及抗除草剂种群的出现进一步限制了水稻产量。本研究旨在评估水盐度对五种意大利稗草出苗和幼苗生长的影响[稗草(L.) P. Beauv.] 种群（三个对乙酰乳酸合酶抑制除草剂敏感，两个抗性），三个意大利杂草稻（水稻L.) 种群（均对灭草酸敏感）和两种水稻品种（传统的“Baldo”品种和耐灭草酸的“CL80”品种）。2017 年，将种子播种在装满沙子、营养液和水的肺泡盘中，盐浓度如下：0、50、100、150、200 和 250 mM NaCl。播种后 40 d 测定植株出苗（15 d 后）、株高、枝条和根重、叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b 和类胡萝卜素含量。稗草对盐分的耐受性高于苜蓿和米饭。所有物种在幼苗期比出苗期受到的影响更大。显示出抗除草剂种群的可变行为；一抗E. crus-galli种群受盐度的影响更大，出苗率较低（在盐浓度最高的情况下，其他种群的出苗率约为 20%，而其他种群的出苗率约为 40%），幼苗生长减少，而其他抗性种群的反应与敏感种群相似。叶绿素含量随着盐含量的增加而增加E. crus-galli人口。最高的出苗和生长减少苜蓿记录在耐咪草啶酸的水稻中。米饭和苜蓿只能长到 50 mM。稗草种群可能在盐碱条件下受到青睐，而苜蓿可以预料。