Considerable effort and resources have been placed into conservation programs designed to reduce or alleviate negative environmental effects of crop production and into evaluation of the benefits of these programs. Wetlands are an important source of ecosystem services, but modeling wetland plants is an emerging science. To date, wetland plant growth has not been explicitly accounted for in ecosystem service models that quantify conservation program effects. As part of an effort to more accurately simulate wetland plants within process-based models, we expanded upon plant growth data collected in an earlier effort with additional sampling at two of four previously sampled areas, and included a fifth sampling site. We then used data from the five sites spanning five years as wetland plant parameters at both the species and functional group levels for the Agricultural Land Management Alternative with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model. In addition to individual species, modelers are interested in functional groups representing a collection of species because it is unrealistic to model every species occurring in an ecosystem. ALMANAC simulations were completed at three sites for both individual wetland plant species and functional groups. At each site, simulated plant yields were within 1 Mg ha–1 (±7%) of measured values (r2 = 0.99). Multisite species simulated yields were within 37% of measured values (r2 = 0.95). Functional groups performed as well as individual species simulations. Functional group simulated yields were within 1 Mg ha–1 (±5%) of measured yields. Plant growth is a major component of these wetland ecosystems, and ALMANAC verified wetland plant parameters support more accurate assessments of conservation programs and practices on the influence of wetland ecosystems embedded within agricultural fields. The improved plant parameters we provide here will be transferred to other process-based models that focus on other ecosystem components such as soil and water effects, facilitating wetland evaluations across the United States and elsewhere.

中文翻译：

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提高在基于过程的模型中包括淡水湿地植物的能力

相当多的努力和资源已投入到旨在减少或减轻作物生产对环境的负面影响的保护计划中，并用于评估这些计划的收益。湿地是生态系统服务的重要来源，但对湿地植物进行建模是一门新兴科学。迄今为止，在量化保护计划效果的生态系统服务模型中，尚未明确考虑湿地植物的生长。作为在基于过程的模型中更准确地模拟湿地植物的努力的一部分，我们扩展了早期工作中收集的植物生长数据，在四个先前采样的区域中的两个区域进行了额外采样，并包括了第五个采样点。然后，我们将来自五个地点的五年数据用作具有数值评估标准的农业土地管理替代方案 (ALMANAC) 模型的物种和功能组级别的湿地植物参数。除了单个物种之外，建模者还对代表物种集合的功能组感兴趣，因为对生态系统中出现的每个物种进行建模是不现实的。历书模拟在三个地点完成，分别用于湿地植物物种和功能组。在每个地点，模拟植物产量在测量值 (r2 = 0.99) 的 1 Mg ha–1 (±7%) 范围内。多地点物种模拟产量在测量值的 37% 以内（r2 = 0.95）。功能组执行以及单个物种模拟。官能团模拟产量在测量产量的 1 Mg ha–1 (±5%) 范围内。植物生长是这些湿地生态系统的主要组成部分，经年鉴验证的湿地植物参数支持更准确地评估保护计划和实践对嵌入农田的湿地生态系统的影响。我们在此提供的改进的植物参数将转移到其他基于过程的模型，这些模型侧重于其他生态系统组件，例如土壤和水的影响，从而促进美国和其他地方的湿地评估。