Abstract

Proteins are oxidatively modified by a large number of reactive species including reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, and reducing sugars. Among divergent oxidative modifications, introduction of carbonyl groups such as aldehyde, ketone, and lactam into the amino acid side chains of proteins is a major hallmark for oxidative damage to proteins, and is termed “protein carbonylation”. Detection and quantification of protein carbonyls is commonly performed to determine the level of oxidative stress in the context of cellular damage, aging and several age-related disorders. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and biological implications of protein carbonylation, and also presents current analytical approaches for determining and characterizing carbonylated proteins.

摘要

蛋白质被大量的活性物质氧化修饰，包括活性氧物质、脂质过氧化衍生的醛和还原糖。在不同的氧化修饰中，将羰基如醛、酮和内酰胺引入蛋白质的氨基酸侧链是蛋白质氧化损伤的主要标志，被称为“蛋白质羰基化”。蛋白质羰基化合物的检测和定量通常用于确定细胞损伤、衰老和几种与年龄相关的疾病背景下的氧化应激水平。本综述侧重于蛋白质羰基化的分子机制和生物学意义，并介绍了当前用于确定和表征羰基化蛋白质的分析方法。