ABSTRACT

Nitrogen (N) plays a key role for plant life cycle. It is available in agricultural soils as the form of nitrate and ammonium (NH₄⁺) where nitrate (NO₃⁻) is a major nutrient. Plants are able to sense NO₃⁻ in their environment, allowing them to quickly respond to the dramatic fluctuations of its availability. As a main feature of plant autotrophy, assimilation of inorganic N is not only of fundamental interest to the crop, but also a crucial factor in crop productivity. Furthermore, over the last couple of years, N sensing has been shown to be affected by different external factors, which act as local signals to trigger systemic signaling coordinated by mobile signals in plants body. During recent years, a breakthrough arising from the improved knowledge is a better understanding of NO₃⁻ integration and hormone signaling pathways of plants that explains the extraordinary developmental plasticity of NO₃⁻ response. This review highlights the novel aspect of N responsive sensors, transporters, and signaling molecules in plants with a brief introduction on the metabolic pathways and discusses their potential roles in N sensing.

摘要

氮 (N) 在植物生命周期中起着关键作用。它以硝酸盐和铵 (NH ₄ ⁺ )的形式存在于农业土壤中，其中硝酸盐 (NO ₃ ^- ) 是主要的养分。植物能够感知 NO ₃ ^-在他们的环境中，使他们能够快速响应其可用性的剧烈波动。作为植物自养的主要特征，无机氮的同化不仅是作物的根本利益，也是影响作物产量的关键因素。此外，在过去的几年中，N 传感已被证明受到不同外部因素的影响，这些外部因素作为本地信号触发由植物体内的移动信号协调的系统信号。近年来，知识改进带来的一个突破是对植物的 NO ₃ ^-整合和激素信号通路的更好理解，这解释了 NO ₃ ^-非凡的发育可塑性。回复。这篇综述突出了植物中 N 响应传感器、转运蛋白和信号分子的新方面，并简要介绍了代谢途径，并讨论了它们在 N 传感中的潜在作用。