ABSTRACT

Introduction: COVID-19 outbreak has infected 34.20 million people with 1019 thousand deaths in more than 125 countries till 30 September 2020. Due to the unavailability of vaccine or targeted novel drug therapy against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), screening of existential medical treatments facilitates identification of promising drugs for the treatment and management of COVID-19.

Areas covered: The review article highlights repurposing of antiviral, antimalarial, antineoplastic, antidiabetic, analgesic, and immunomodulatory drugs. Furthermore, clinical trials, in-vitro studies, benefits, adverse effects, toxicities, mechanisms of action, and regulatory status of drugs are covered in this article.

Expert opinion: Lack of conclusive results from randomized clinical trials indicates absence of specific drugs for treatment of COVID-19. Unavailability of complete data regarding safety, efficacy, and adverse reactions of drugs restricts the recommendation of clinical advice on dose and duration of the drug therapy. Remdesivir and favipiravir show promising outcomes but more clinical evidence is required for use in large populations. Experimental and repurposed drug therapies targeting spike and envelope proteins, Mpro, 3CL_pro and PL_pro enzymes, and RdRp and TMPRSS2 genes show capability to produce effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 action. Development of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 will offer long-term solution to terminate spread of this global pandemic.

摘要

简介：截至 2020 年 9 月 30 日，COVID-19 疫情已在超过 125 个国家/地区感染了 3420 万人，101.9 万人死亡。由于严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗或靶向新药的不可用，存在性医学治疗的筛选有助于识别用于治疗和管理 COVID-19 的有前途的药物。

涵盖的领域：该评论文章重点介绍了抗病毒、抗疟疾、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病、镇痛和免疫调节药物的再利用。此外，本文还涵盖了药物的临床试验、体外研究、益处、不良反应、毒性、作用机制和监管状态。

专家意见：缺乏随机临床试验的结论性结果表明缺乏治疗 COVID-19 的特定药物。无法获得有关药物安全性、有效性和不良反应的完整数据，限制了对药物治疗剂量和持续时间的临床建议的推荐。Remdesivir 和 favipiravir 显示出有希望的结果，但需要更多的临床证据才能在大量人群中使用。针对刺突蛋白和包膜蛋白、Mpro、3CL _pro和 PL _pro酶以及 RdRp 和 TMPRSS2 基因的实验和重新利用的药物疗法显示出产生有效抗 SARS-CoV-2 作用的能力。开发针对 SARS-CoV-2 的疫苗将为终止这一全球大流行的蔓延提供长期解决方案。