Abstract

Volatilome analysis is growing in attention for the diagnosis of diseases in animals and humans. In particular, volatilome analysis in fecal samples is starting to be proposed as a fast, easy and noninvasive method for disease diagnosis. Volatilome comprises volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are produced during both physiological and patho-physiological processes. Thus, VOCs from a pathological condition often differ from those of a healthy state and therefore the VOCs profile can be used in the detection of some diseases. Due to their strengths and advantages, feces are currently being used to obtain information related to health status in animals. However, they are complex samples, that can present problems for some analytical techniques and require special consideration in their use and preparation before analysis. This situation demands an effort to clarify which analytic options are currently being used in the research context to analyze the possibilities these offer, with the final objectives of contributing to develop a standardized methodology and to exploit feces potential as a diagnostic matrix. The current work reviews the studies focused on the diagnosis of animal diseases through fecal volatilome in order to evaluate the analytical methods used and their advantages and limitations. The alternatives found in the literature for sampling, storage, sample pretreatment, measurement and data treatment have been summarized, considering all the steps involved in the analytical process.

摘要

挥发组分析在动物和人类疾病的诊断中越来越受到关注。特别是，粪便样品中的挥发物分析开始被提出作为一种快速、简单和无创的疾病诊断方法。Volatilome 包含在生理和病理生理过程中产生的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC)。因此，来自病理状态的 VOCs 通常与健康状态的 VOCs 不同，因此 VOCs 谱可用于检测某些疾病。由于它们的优势和优势，粪便目前被用于获取与动物健康状况相关的信息。然而，它们是复杂的样品，可能会给某些分析技术带来问题，并且在分析前的使用和制备过程中需要特别考虑。这种情况需要努力澄清目前在研究环境中使用哪些分析选项来分析这些选项提供的可能性，最终目标是促进开发标准化方法并利用粪便作为诊断矩阵的潜力。目前的工作回顾了通过粪便挥发物诊断动物疾病的研究，以评估所使用的分析方法及其优点和局限性。考虑到分析过程中涉及的所有步骤，总结了文献中用于采样、储存、样品预处理、测量和数据处理的替代方案。最终目标是促进开发标准化方法并利用粪便作为诊断矩阵的潜力。目前的工作回顾了通过粪便挥发物诊断动物疾病的研究，以评估所使用的分析方法及其优点和局限性。考虑到分析过程中涉及的所有步骤，总结了文献中用于采样、储存、样品预处理、测量和数据处理的替代方案。最终目标是促进开发标准化方法并利用粪便作为诊断矩阵的潜力。目前的工作回顾了通过粪便挥发物诊断动物疾病的研究，以评估所使用的分析方法及其优点和局限性。考虑到分析过程中涉及的所有步骤，总结了文献中用于采样、储存、样品预处理、测量和数据处理的替代方案。