Background: Although the electronic health record system adoption rate has reached 96% in the United States, implementation and usage of health information exchange (HIE) is still lagging behind. Blockchain has come into the spotlight as a technology to solve this problem. However, there have been no studies assessing the perspectives of different stakeholders regarding blockchain-based patient-centered HIE. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the awareness among patients, health care professionals, and information technology developers toward blockchain-based HIE, and compare their different perspectives related to the platform using a qualitative research methodology. Methods: In this qualitative study, we applied grounded theory and the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in the Health Service (PARiHS) framework. We interviewed 7 patients, 7 physicians, and 7 developers, for a total of 21 interviewees. Results: Regarding the leakage of health information, the patient group did not have concerns in contrast to the physician and developer groups. Physicians were particularly concerned about the fact that errors in the data cannot be easily fixed due to the nature of blockchain technology. Patients were not against the idea of providing information for clinical trials or research institutions. They wished to be provided with the results of clinical research rather than being compensated for providing data. The developers emphasized that blockchain must be technically mature before it can be applied to the health care scene, and standards of medical information to be exchanged must first be established. Conclusions: The three groups’ perceptions of blockchain were generally positive about the idea of patients having the control of sharing their own health information. However, they were skeptical about the cooperation among various institutions and implementation for data standardization in the establishment process, in addition to how the service will be employed in practice. Taking these factors into consideration during planning, development, and operation of a platform will contribute to establishing practical treatment plans and tracking in a more convenient manner for both patients and physicians. Furthermore, it will help expand the related research and health management industry based on blockchain.

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中文翻译：

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患者，卫生保健专业人员和开发人员对基于区块链的健康信息交换的观点：定性研究

背景：尽管在美国，电子病历系统的采用率已达到96％，但是健康信息交换（HIE）的实施和使用仍然落后。区块链作为解决这一问题的技术已受到关注。但是，还没有研究评估不同利益相关者对基于区块链的以患者为中心的HIE的观点。目的：本研究的目的是分析患者，医疗保健专业人员和信息技术开发人员对基于区块链的HIE的认识，并使用定性研究方法比较他们与该平台相关的不同观点。方法：在这项定性研究中，我们应用了扎根理论和卫生服务（PARiHS）框架中的研究实施促进行动。我们采访了7位患者，7位医生和7位开发人员，总共21位受访者。结果：关于健康信息的泄漏，与医生和开发人员组相比，患者组没有问题。医师特别担心以下事实：由于区块链技术的本质，数据中的错误无法轻松修复。患者不反对为临床试验或研究机构提供信息的想法。他们希望获得临床研究的结果，而不是因为提供数据而得到补偿。开发人员强调，区块链在应用于医疗保健领域之前必须在技术上成熟，并且必须首先建立要交换的医学信息标准。结论：这三组人对区块链的看法总体上对患者拥有共享自己的健康信息控制权的想法持积极态度。但是，除了在实践中如何使用该服务之外，他们还对建立过程中各个机构之间的合作以及数据标准化的实现表示怀疑。在平台的计划，开发和运行过程中考虑这些因素，将有助于建立实用的治疗计划并以更方便的方式为患者和医生追踪。此外，它将有助于扩展基于区块链的相关研究和健康管理行业。除了在实践中如何使用服务外，他们还对建立过程中各个机构之间的合作以及数据标准化的实施表示怀疑。在平台的计划，开发和运行过程中考虑这些因素，将有助于建立实用的治疗计划并以更方便的方式为患者和医生追踪。此外，它将有助于扩展基于区块链的相关研究和健康管理行业。除了在实践中如何使用服务外，他们还对建立过程中各个机构之间的合作以及数据标准化的实施表示怀疑。在平台的计划，开发和运行过程中考虑这些因素，将有助于建立实用的治疗计划并以更方便的方式为患者和医生追踪。此外，它将有助于扩展基于区块链的相关研究和健康管理行业。平台的运作将有助于建立实用的治疗计划并以更方便的方式为患者和医生追踪。此外，它将有助于扩展基于区块链的相关研究和健康管理行业。平台的运作将有助于建立实用的治疗计划并以更方便的方式为患者和医生追踪。此外，它将有助于扩展基于区块链的相关研究和健康管理行业。

这仅仅是抽象的。阅读JMIR网站上的全文。JMIR是互联网时代电子健康和医疗保健领域领先的开放获取期刊。