Cardiovascular diseases remain the most rapidly rising contributing factor of all-cause mortality and the leading cause of inpatient hospitalization worldwide, with costs exceeding $30 billion dollars annually in North America. Cell surface and membrane associated proteins play an important role in cardiomyocyte biology and are involved in the pathogenesis of many human heart diseases. In cardiomyocytes, membrane proteins serve as critical signaling receptors, Ca²⁺ cycling regulators, and electrical propagation regulators, all functioning in concert to maintain spontaneous and synchronous contractions of cardiomyocytes. Membrane proteins are excellent pharmaceutical targets due to their uniquely exposed position within the cell. Perturbations in cardiac membrane protein localization and function have been implicated in the progression and pathogenesis of many heart diseases. However, previous attempts at profiling the cardiac membrane proteome have yielded limited results due to poor technological developments for isolating hydrophobic, low abundant membrane proteins. Comprehensive mapping and characterization of the cardiac membrane proteome thereby remains incomplete. This review will focus on recent advances in mapping the cardiac membrane proteome and the role of novel cardiac membrane proteins in the healthy and diseased heart.

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心脏的膜蛋白质组学分析：过去，现在和未来

心血管疾病仍然是导致全因死亡率上升最快的因素，也是全球住院患者住院的主要原因，在北美，心血管疾病每年的费用超过300亿美元。细胞表面和膜相关蛋白在心肌细胞生物学中起着重要作用，并参与许多人类心脏病的发病机理。在心肌细胞中，膜蛋白可作为重要的信号受体，Ca ²⁺循环调节器和电传播调节器都可以协同工作，以维持心肌细胞的自发性和同步性收缩。由于膜蛋白在细胞内的独特暴露位置，它们是极好的药物靶标。心脏膜蛋白的定位和功能紊乱已牵涉到许多心脏病的进展和发病机理中。然而，由于分离疏水性，低丰度膜蛋白的技术发展不佳，先前对心肌膜蛋白质组进行谱分析的尝试仅获得了有限的结果。因此，对心肌膜蛋白质组的全面定位和表征仍然不完整。