Differences in the fruit removal patterns of Cleyera japonica by frugivorous birds in two forest stands at different developmental stages in a warm‐temperate region,Ecological Research

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Differences in the fruit removal patterns of Cleyera japonica by frugivorous birds in two forest stands at different developmental stages in a warm‐temperate region
Ecological Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 , DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12188
Nana Araki ₁ , Kimiko Hirayama ₁

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We investigated the fruit removal patterns of Cleyera japonica by frugivorous birds in two adjacent forest stands at different developmental stages due to secondary succession (a secondary deciduous forest stand, and an evergreen forest stand where evergreen oak is the dominant species) in a warm‐temperate region in western Japan. The fruit removal rate was significantly higher in the evergreen forest stand than in the deciduous forest stand, whereas the abundance of C. japonica fruits and that of all fleshy‐fruited woody species did not positively affect the fruit removal. However, the Cox proportional‐hazards model with mixed effects, using data concerning the disappearing patterns of mature fruits from twigs, implied that the fruit removal of C. japonica by birds within the crown was not significantly different from that between the stands. The timing of seed dispersal of C. japonica was prolonged in the evergreen forest stand compared with that in the deciduous forest stand. In the evergreen forest stand, considerable numbers of seeds were found in seed traps after early January, when almost all the fruits had disappeared from the crown. In the evergreen forest stand, we constantly observed gulpers that are assumed to forage C. japonica fruits frequently on the ground. These results suggested that the differences in the structural attributes between the forest stands influence the bird assemblage and their foraging patterns, which would lead to changes in the fruit removal patterns of C. japonica with the shift of forest stands due to secondary succession.

中文翻译：

温带地区两个森林林分食肉类鸟类在日本小花果去除模式上的差异

我们调查的水果去除图案红淡比在两个相邻的森林食果鸟站在因次生演替（二级落叶林的立场，以及常绿阔叶林的立场，其中常绿栎是优势种）的暖温带不同发育阶段日本西部地区。水果的去除率在常绿林分比落叶林分显著较高，而丰富的Ç。粳稻果实和所有果肉木本物种对果实的去除没有积极影响。但是，使用有关枝条上成熟果实消失模式的数据的具有混合效应的Cox比例风险模型表明，去除果实中的果实Ç。冠内鸟类的粳稻与看台间的粳稻无明显差异。C种子传播的时间安排。与落叶林相比，常绿林分中的粳稻延长。在常绿的林分中，一月初之后，几乎所有的果实都从树冠上消失了，因此在种子收集器中发现了大量的种子。在常绿的林分中，我们不断观察到被认为是在觅食C的碎石机。粳稻经常在地面上结实。这些结果表明，林分之间的结构属性差异会影响鸟类的聚集及其觅食方式，这将导致C的果实去除方式发生变化。随着次生演替，林分发生变化的日本粳稻。

更新日期：2021-01-13

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