Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major cereal food crop in the world. End-use quality improvement is a major objective in wheat breeding programs. ‘Tiger’ is a hard white winter wheat cultivar with excellent bread baking qualities. The objective of this study was to identify the genetic loci underlying the quality traits in Tiger. A doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between Tiger and ‘Danby’ was grown in two environments. A total of 17 quality traits together with grain yield (GY) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici) were evaluated. The population was genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). A linkage map was constructed with 1,507 GBS-SNP markers that distributed over all 21 chromosomes. Most traits in this study showed normal or approximately normal distributions. Composite interval mapping analysis revealed a total of 72 quantitative trait loci (QTL), 67 for quality traits that were dispersed on all chromosomes except 3D, 5D, 6A, and 7A. Among the 67 QTL, some were novel QTL that have not been reported previously. Although many QTL were only significant in one environment, six genomic regions on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2D, 5BL, 6B, and 6DL harbored major QTL for several important quality traits including kernel hardness (KH), grain and flour protein content (GPC, FPC), flour yield (FY), mix time (MT), mixing tolerance (MTOL), loaf volume (LV), and loaf volume regression (LVReg). At these major loci, Danby contributed favorable alleles for KH, GPC and FPC, while Tiger contributed favorable alleles for the other traits. The findings in this study will be useful for the genetic improvement of bread-making quality in wheat.

中文翻译：

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小麦最终用途品质性状的遗传分析

小麦（Triticum aestivum L. ）是世界上主要的谷类粮食作物。最终用途质量改进是小麦育种计划的主要目标。'Tiger' 是一种硬质白冬小麦品种，具有出色的面包烘焙品质。本研究的目的是确定老虎品质性状背后的遗传位点。源自 Tiger 和 'Danby' 杂交的双单倍体 (DH) 种群在两种环境中生长。小麦产量（GY）和条锈病（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici）共17个品质性状) 进行了评估。使用通过基因分型测序 (GBS) 生成的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记对种群进行基因分型。用分布在所有 21 条染色体上的 1,507 个 GBS-SNP 标记构建了连锁图。本研究中的大多数性状均呈正态或近似正态分布。复合区间作图分析显示共有 72 个数量性状位点 (QTL)，其中 67 个质量性状分布在除 3D、5D、6A 和 7A 之外的所有染色体上。在67个QTL中，有一些是以前未报道过的新型QTL。尽管许多 QTL 仅在一种环境中显着，但染色体 1B、1D、2D、5BL、6B 和 6DL 上的六个基因组区域包含几个重要品质性状的主要 QTL，包括籽粒硬度 (KH)、谷物和面粉蛋白质含量 (GPC、 FPC), 出粉率 (FY), 混合时间 (MT)、混合容差 (MTOL)、面包体积 (LV) 和面包体积回归 (LVReg)。在这些主要位点，Danby 为 KH、GPC 和 FPC 贡献了有利的等位基因，而 Tiger 为其他性状贡献了有利的等位基因。本研究的发现将有助于小麦面包制作品质的遗传改良。